Euler problems/91 to 100
Problem 91
Find the number of right angle triangles in the quadrant.
Solution:
reduce x y = (quot x d, quot y d)
where d = gcd x y
problem_91 n =
3*n*n + 2* sum others
where
others =[min xc yc|
x1 <- [1..n],
y1 <- [1..n],
let (yi,xi) = reduce x1 y1,
let yc = quot (n-y1) yi,
let xc = quot x1 xi
]
Problem 92
Investigating a square digits number chain with a surprising property.
Solution:
import Data.Array
import Data.Char
import Data.List
makeIncreas 1 minnum = [[a]|a<-[minnum..9]]
makeIncreas digits minnum = [a:b|a<-[minnum ..9],b<-makeIncreas (digits-1) a]
squares :: Array Char Int
squares = array ('0','9') [ (intToDigit x,x^2) | x <- [0..9] ]
next :: Int -> Int
next = sum . map (squares !) . show
factorial n = if n == 0 then 1 else n * factorial (n - 1)
countNum xs=ys
where
ys=product$map (factorial.length)$group xs
yield :: Int -> Int
yield = until (\x -> x == 89 || x == 1) next
problem_92=
sum[div p7 $countNum a|
a<-tail$makeIncreas 7 0,
let k=sum $map (^2) a,
yield k==89
]
where
p7=factorial 7
Problem 93
Using four distinct digits and the rules of arithmetic, find the longest sequence of target numbers.
Solution:
import Data.List
import Control.Monad
import Data.Ord (comparing)
solve [] [x] = [x]
solve ns stack =
pushes ++ ops
where
pushes = do
x <- ns
solve (x `delete` ns) (x:stack)
ops = do
guard (length stack > 1)
x <- opResults (stack!!0) (stack!!1)
solve ns (x : drop 2 stack)
opResults a b =
[a*b,a+b,a-b] ++ (if b /= 0 then [a / b] else [])
results xs = fun 1 ys
where
ys = nub $ sort $ map truncate $
filter (\x -> x > 0 && floor x == ceiling x) $ solve xs []
fun n (x:xs)
|n == x =fun (n+1) xs
|otherwise=n-1
cmp = comparing results
main =
appendFile "p93.log" $ show $
maximumBy cmp $ [[a,b,c,d] |
a <- [1..10],
b <- [a+1..10],
c <- [b+1..10],
d <- [c+1..10]
]
problem_93 = main
Problem 94
Investigating almost equilateral triangles with integral sides and area.
Solution:
import List
findmin d = d:head [[n,m]|m<-[1..10],n<-[1..10],n*n==d*m*m+1]
pow 1 x=x
pow n x =mult x $pow (n-1) x
where
mult [d,a, b] [_,a1, b1]=d:[a*a1+d*b*b1,a*b1+b*a1]
--find it looks like (5-5-6)
f556 =takeWhile (<10^9)
[n2|i<-[1..],
let [_,m,_]=pow i$findmin 12,
let n=div (m-1) 6,
let n1=4*n+1, -- sides
let n2=3*n1+1 -- perimeter
]
--find it looks like (5-6-6)
f665 =takeWhile (<10^9)
[n2|i<-[1..],
let [_,m,_]=pow i$findmin 3,
mod (m-2) 3==0,
let n=div (m-2) 3,
let n1=2*n,
let n2=3*n1+2
]
problem_94=sum f556+sum f665-2
Problem 95
Find the smallest member of the longest amicable chain with no element exceeding one million. Here is a more straightforward solution, without optimization. Yet it solves the problem in a few seconds when compiled with GHC 6.6.1 with the -O2 flag. I like to let the compiler do the optimization, without cluttering my code.
This solution avoids using unboxed arrays, which many consider to be somewhat of an imperitive-style hack. In fact, no memoization at all is required.
import Data.List (foldl1', group)
-- The longest chain of numbers is (n, k), where
-- n is the smallest number in the chain, and k is the length
-- of the chain. We limit the search to chains whose
-- smallest number is no more than m and, optionally, whose
-- largest number is no more than m'.
chain s n n'
| n' == n = s
| n' < n = []
| (< n') 1000000 = []
| n' `elem` s = []
| otherwise = chain(n' : s) n $ eulerTotient n'
findChain n = length$chain [] n $ eulerTotient n
longestChain =
foldl1' cmpChain [(n, findChain n) | n <- [12496..15000]]
where
cmpChain p@(n, k) q@(n', k')
| (k, negate n) < (k', negate n') = q
| otherwise = p
problem_95 = fst $ longestChain
Problem 96
Devise an algorithm for solving Su Doku puzzles.
See numerous solutions on the Sudoku page.
import Data.List
import Char
top3 :: Grid -> Int
top3 g =
read . take 3 $ (g !! 0)
type Grid = [String]
type Row = String
type Col = String
type Cell = String
type Pos = Int
row :: Grid -> Pos -> Row
row [] _ = []
row g p = filter (/='0') (g !! (p `div` 9))
col :: Grid -> Pos -> Col
col [] _ = []
col g p = filter (/='0') ((transpose g) !! (p `mod` 9))
cell :: Grid -> Pos -> Cell
cell [] _ = []
cell g p =
concat rows
where
r = p `div` 9 `div` 3 * 3
c = p `mod` 9 `div` 3 * 3
rows =
map (take 3 . drop c) . map (g !!) $ [r, r+1, r+2]
groupsOf _ [] = []
groupsOf n xs =
front : groupsOf n back
where
(front,back) = splitAt n xs
extrapolate :: Grid -> [Grid]
extrapolate [] = []
extrapolate g =
if null zeroes
then [] -- no more zeroes, must have solved it
else map mkGrid possibilities
where
flat = concat g
numbered = zip [0..] flat
zeroes = filter ((=='0') . snd) numbered
p = fst . head $ zeroes
possibilities =
['1'..'9'] \\ (row g p ++ col g p ++ cell g p)
(front,_:back) = splitAt p flat
mkGrid new = groupsOf 9 (front ++ [new] ++ back)
loop :: [Grid] -> [Grid]
loop = concatMap extrapolate
solve :: Grid -> Grid
solve g =
head .
last .
takeWhile (not . null) .
iterate loop $ [g]
main = do
contents <- readFile "sudoku.txt"
let
grids :: [Grid]
grids =
groupsOf 9 .
filter ((/='G') . head) .
lines $ contents
let rgrids=map (concatMap words) grids
writeFile "p96.log"$show$ sum $ map (top3 . solve) $ rgrids
problem_96 =main
Problem 97
Find the last ten digits of the non-Mersenne prime: 28433 × 27830457 + 1.
Solution:
problem_97 =
flip mod limit $ 28433 * powMod limit 2 7830457 + 1
where
limit=10^10
Problem 98
Investigating words, and their anagrams, which can represent square numbers.
Solution:
import Data.List
import Data.Maybe
import Data.Function (on)
-- Replace each letter of a word, or digit of a number, with
-- the index of where that letter or digit first appears
profile :: Ord a => [a] -> [Int]
profile x = map (fromJust . flip lookup (indices x)) x
where
indices = map head . groupBy fstEq . sort . flip zip [0..]
-- Check for equality on the first component of a tuple
fstEq :: Eq a => (a, b) -> (a, b) -> Bool
fstEq = (==) `on` fst
-- The histogram of a small list
hist :: Ord a => [a] -> [(a, Int)]
hist = let item g = (head g, length g) in map item . group . sort
-- The list of anagram sets for a word list.
anagrams :: Ord a => [[a]] -> [[[a]]]
anagrams x = map (map snd) $ filter (not . null . drop 1) $
groupBy fstEq $ sort $ zip (map hist x) x
-- Given two finite lists that are a permutation of one
-- another, return the permutation function
mkPermute :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> ([b] -> [b])
mkPermute x y = pairsToPermute $ concat $
zipWith zip (occurs x) (occurs y)
where
pairsToPermute ps = flip map (map snd $ sort ps) . (!!)
occurs = map (map snd) . groupBy fstEq . sort . flip zip [0..]
problem_98 :: [String] -> Int
problem_98 ws = read $ head
[y | was <- sortBy longFirst $ anagrams ws, -- word anagram sets
w1:t <- tails was, w2 <- t,
let permute = mkPermute w1 w2,
nas <- sortBy longFirst $ anagrams $
filter ((== profile w1) . profile) $
dropWhile (flip longerThan w1) $
takeWhile (not . longerThan w1) $
map show $ map (\x -> x * x) [1..], -- number anagram sets
x:t <- tails nas, y <- t,
permute x == y || permute y == x
]
run_problem_98 :: IO Int
run_problem_98 = do
words_file <- readFile "words.txt"
let words = read $ '[' : words_file ++ "]"
return $ problem_98 words
-- Sort on length of first element, from longest to shortest
longFirst :: [[a]] -> [[a]] -> Ordering
longFirst = flip compareLen `on` fst
-- Is y longer than x?
longerThan :: [a] -> [a] -> Bool
longerThan x y = compareLen x y == LT
-- Compare the lengths of lists, with short-circuiting
compareLen :: [a] -> [a] -> Ordering
compareLen (_:xs) (_:ys) = compareLen xs ys
compareLen (_:_) [] = GT
compareLen [] [] = EQ
compareLen [] (_:_) = LT
(Cf. short-circuiting)
Problem 99
Which base/exponent pair in the file has the greatest numerical value?
Solution:
import Data.List
lognum (b,e) = e * log b
logfun x = lognum . read $ "(" ++ x ++ ")"
problem_99 = snd . maximum . flip zip [1..] . map logfun . lines
main = readFile "base_exp.txt" >>= print . problem_99
Problem 100
Finding the number of blue discs for which there is 50% chance of taking two blue.
Solution:
nextAB a b
|a+b>10^12 =[a,b]
|otherwise=nextAB (3*a+2*b+2) (4*a+3*b+3)
problem_100=(+1)$head$nextAB 14 20