Euler problems/71 to 80
Problem 71
Listing reduced proper fractions in ascending order of size.
Solution:
-- http://mathworld.wolfram.com/FareySequence.html
import Data.Ratio ((%), numerator,denominator)
fareySeq a b
|da2<=10^6=fareySeq a1 b
|otherwise=na
where
na=numerator a
nb=numerator b
da=denominator a
db=denominator b
a1=(na+nb)%(da+db)
da2=denominator a1
problem_71=fareySeq (0%1) (3%7)
Problem 72
How many elements would be contained in the set of reduced proper fractions for d ≤ 1,000,000?
Solution:
Using the Farey Sequence method, the solution is the sum of phi (n) from 1 to 1000000.
groups=1000
eulerTotient n = product (map (\(p,i) -> p^(i-1) * (p-1)) factors)
where factors = fstfac n
fstfac x = [(head a ,length a)|a<-group$primeFactors x]
p72 n= sum [eulerTotient x|x <- [groups*n+1..groups*(n+1)]]
problem_72 = sum [p72 x|x <- [0..999]]
Problem 73
How many fractions lie between 1/3 and 1/2 in a sorted set of reduced proper fractions?
Solution:
import Data.Array
twix k = crude k - fd2 - sum [ar!(k `div` m) | m <- [3 .. k `div` 5], odd m]
where
fd2 = crude (k `div` 2)
ar = array (5,k `div` 3) $
((5,1):[(j, crude j - sum [ar!(j `div` m) | m <- [2 .. j `div` 5]])
| j <- [6 .. k `div` 3]])
crude j =
m*(3*m+r-2) + s
where
(m,r) = j `divMod` 6
s = case r of
5 -> 1
_ -> 0
problem_73 = twix 10000
Problem 74
Determine the number of factorial chains that contain exactly sixty non-repeating terms.
Solution:
import Data.List
explode 0 = []
explode n = n `mod` 10 : explode (n `quot` 10)
chain 2 = 1
chain 1 = 1
chain 145 = 1
chain 40585 = 1
chain 169 = 3
chain 363601 = 3
chain 1454 = 3
chain 871 = 2
chain 45361 = 2
chain 872 = 2
chain 45362 = 2
chain x = 1 + chain (sumFactDigits x)
makeIncreas 1 minnum = [[a]|a<-[minnum..9]]
makeIncreas digits minnum = [a:b|a<-[minnum ..9],b<-makeIncreas (digits-1) a]
p74=
sum[div p6 $countNum a|
a<-tail$makeIncreas 6 1,
let k=digitToN a,
chain k==60
]
where
p6=facts!! 6
sumFactDigits = foldl' (\a b -> a + facts !! b) 0 . explode
factorial n = if n == 0 then 1 else n * factorial (n - 1)
digitToN = foldl' (\a b -> 10*a + b) 0 .dropWhile (==0)
facts = scanl (*) 1 [1..9]
countNum xs=ys
where
ys=product$map (factorial.length)$group xs
problem_74= length[k|k<-[1..9999],chain k==60]+p74
test = print $ [a|a<-tail$makeIncreas 6 0,let k=digitToN a,chain k==60]
Problem 75
Find the number of different lengths of wire can that can form a right angle triangle in only one way.
Solution: This is only slightly harder than problem 39. The search condition is simpler but the search space is larger.
problem_75 =
length . filter ((== 1) . length) $ group perims
where perims = sort [scale*p | p <- pTriples, scale <- [1..10^6 `div` p]]
pTriples = [p |
n <- [1..1000],
m <- [n+1..1000],
even n || even m,
gcd n m == 1,
let a = m^2 - n^2,
let b = 2*m*n,
let c = m^2 + n^2,
let p = a + b + c,
p <= 10^6]
Problem 76
How many different ways can one hundred be written as a sum of at least two positive integers?
Solution:
Here is a simpler solution: For each n, we create the list of the number of partitions of n whose lowest number is i, for i=1..n. We build up the list of these lists for n=0..100.
build x = (map sum (zipWith drop [0..] x) ++ [1]) : x
problem_76 = (sum $ head $ iterate build [] !! 100) - 1
Problem 77
What is the first value which can be written as the sum of primes in over five thousand different ways?
Solution:
Brute force but still finds the solution in less than one second.
counter = foldl (\without p ->
let (poor,rich) = splitAt p without
with = poor ++
zipWith (+) with rich
in with
) (1 : repeat 0)
problem_77 =
find ((>5000) . (ways !!)) $ [1..]
where
ways = counter $ take 100 primes
Problem 78
Investigating the number of ways in which coins can be separated into piles.
Solution:
Same as problem 76 but using array instead of lists to speedup things.
import Data.Array
partitions :: Array Int Integer
partitions =
array (0,1000000) $
(0,1) :
[(n,sum [s * partitions ! p|
(s,p) <- zip signs $ parts n])|
n <- [1..1000000]]
where
signs = cycle [1,1,(-1),(-1)]
suite = map penta $ concat [[n,(-n)]|n <- [1..]]
penta n = n*(3*n - 1) `div` 2
parts n = takeWhile (>= 0) [n-x| x <- suite]
problem_78 :: Int
problem_78 =
head $ filter (\x -> (partitions ! x) `mod` 1000000 == 0) [1..]
Problem 79
By analysing a user's login attempts, can you determine the secret numeric passcode?
Solution:
A bit ugly but works fine
import Data.List
problem_79 :: String -> String
problem_79 file =
map fst $
sortBy (\(_,a) (_,b) ->
compare (length b) (length a)) $
zip digs order
where
nums = lines file
digs =
map head $ group $
sort $ filter (\c -> c >= '0' && c <= '9') file
prec = concatMap (\(x:y:z:_) -> [[x,y],[y,z],[x,z]]) nums
order =
map (\n -> map head $
group $ sort $ map (\(_:x:_) -> x) $
filter (\(x:_) -> x == n) prec) digs
main=do
f<-readFile "keylog.txt"
print$problem_79 f
Problem 80
Calculating the digital sum of the decimal digits of irrational square roots.
Solution:
import Data.List ((\\))
hundreds :: Integer -> [Integer]
hundreds n = hundreds' [] n
where
hundreds' acc 0 = acc
hundreds' acc n = hundreds' (m : acc) d
where
(d,m) = divMod n 100
squareDigs :: Integer -> [Integer]
squareDigs n = p : squareDigs' p r xs
where
(x:xs) = hundreds n ++ repeat 0
p = floor $ sqrt $ fromInteger x
r = x - (p^2)
squareDigs' :: Integer -> Integer -> [Integer] -> [Integer]
squareDigs' p r (x:xs) =
x' : squareDigs' (p*10 + x') r' xs
where
n = 100*r + x
(x',r') =
last $ takeWhile
(\(_,a) -> a >= 0) $
scanl (\(_,b) (a',b') -> (a',b-b')) (0,n) rs
rs = [y|y <- zip [1..] [(20*p+1),(20*p+3)..]]
sumDigits n = sum $ take 100 $ squareDigs n
problem_80 :: Integer
problem_80 =
sum $ map sumDigits
[x|x <- [1..100] \\ [n^2|n<-[1..10]]]