Obfuscation

From HaskellWiki

Haskell is (perhaps surprisingly) an excellent language for code obfuscation. There have been three Haskell obfuscation contests:

The ability to use symbols for identifiers helps a lot of course, as does suspending the use of layout. Pointfree style is also an excellent help. Use of strange monads and type arithmetic can all be very confusing. Finally, Haskell's clean semantics makes refactoring code (semi-)mechanical, leading to some interesting obfuscated encodings (one can replace most Haskell keywords with lambda abstractions, for example).

Example

The following illustrates how, by turning off layout, rewriting keywords (let, case, where) as lambdas, and using symbols for identifiers (in this case multiple '?' characters), Haskell may be highly obfuscated.

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 module Main where{import List;import System;
 import Data.HashTable as H;(???????)=(concat
 );(??????)(???)(????)=((groupBy)(???)(????))
 ;(??????????????????????)(????)=((??????????
 )((tail).(???????))((????????????????????)((
 ??????)(?????????????????????)(????))));(??)
 =([' ']);(??????????????)=((hashString));(?)
 =((>>=));(???????????????????????)([((???)),
 (????)])=((?????????????)(???))?(\(?????)->(
 (????????????????)(==)(??????????????))?(\((
 ???))->((??????????????????)(???????????????
 )(???)(?????))>>((?????????????????)(???))?(
 \((?????))->((((???????????????????)((????))
 ((??????????????????????))((?????))))))));((
 ???????????????????????))(??)=(????????????)
 ("usage f dic out");(?????????????????????)(
 (???),(??????))((????),(????????????????????
 ))=((???)==(????));(?????????????????)(???)=
 (toList)(???);(????????????????????)(????)=(
 ((??????????)(((??????????)(snd)))((????))))
 ;(??????????????????)(???????????????)(???)(
 (?????))=(((mapM)(((???????????????)(???)))(
 (lines)(?????))));(???????????????????)(????
 )(???????????????????????)(?????)=(?????????
 )(????)((unlines)((???????????????????????)(
 ?????)));(????????????????)(???)((????))=(((
 new)(???)(????)));(main)=((???????????)?(((\
 (???)->((???????????????????????)(???))))));
 (???????????????)(???)(????)=((????????)(???
 )((sort)(????))((??)++(????)));(???????????)
 =(getArgs);(????????????)(???)=((((print))((
 ???))));(??????????)(???)(????)=(((map)(???)
 (????)));(????????)((???))(????)(?????)=((((
 H.insert))((???))(????)(?????)));(?????????)
 ((???))((????))=(((writeFile)(???)((????))))
 ;(?????????????)(???)=(((readFile)((???))))}
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