View source for Euler problems/181 to 190

== [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=181 Problem 181] ==
Investigating in how many ways objects of two different colours can be grouped.

Solution:
<haskell>
import Data.Map ((!),Map)
import qualified Data.Map as M
import Data.List
import Control.Monad
 
main :: IO ()
main = do
    let es = [40,60]
        dg = sum es
        mon = Mon dg es
        Poly mp = partitionPol mon
    print $ mp!mon
 
data Monomial
    = Mon
    { degree :: !Int
    , expos :: [Int]
    }
 
infixl 7 <*>, *>
 
(<*>) :: Monomial -> Monomial -> Monomial
(Mon d1 e1) <*> (Mon d2 e2)
    = Mon (d1+d2) (zipWithZ (+) e1 e2)
 
unit :: Monomial
unit = Mon 0 []
 
(<<) :: Monomial -> Monomial -> Bool
(Mon d1 e1) << (Mon d2 e2)
    = d1 <= d2 && and (zipWithZ (<=) e1 e2)
 
upTo :: Monomial -> [Monomial]
upTo (Mon 0 _) = [unit]
upTo (Mon d es) = 
    sort $ go 0 [] es
    where
    go dg acc [] = return (Mon dg $ reverse acc)
    go dg acc (n:ns) = do
        k <- [0 .. n]
        go (dg+k) (k:acc) ns
 
newtype Polynomial = 
    Poly { mapping :: (Map Monomial Integer) }
        deriving (Eq, Ord)
 
(*>) :: Integer -> Monomial -> Polynomial
n *> m = Poly $ M.singleton m n
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                             The hard stuff                             --
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
one :: Map Monomial Integer
one = M.singleton unit 1

reciprocal :: Monomial -> Polynomial
reciprocal m =
    Poly . foldl' extend one . reverse . drop 1 . upTo $ m
    where
    extend mp mon =
        M.filter (/= 0) $
        foldl' (flip (uncurry $ M.insertWith' (+))) mp list
        where
        list = filter ((<< m) . fst) [(mon <*> mn, -c) |
                                      (mn,c) <- M.assocs mp]
 
partitionPol :: Monomial -> Polynomial
partitionPol m =
    Poly . foldl' update one $ sliced m
    where
    Poly rec = reciprocal m
    sliced mon = sortBy (comparing expos) . drop 1 $ upTo mon
    comparing f x y = compare (f x) (f y)
    update mp mon@(Mon d es)
        | es /= ses = M.insert mon (mp!(Mon d ses)) mp
        | otherwise = M.insert mon (negate clc) mp
        where
        ses = sort es
        clc = sum $ do
            mn@(Mon dg xs) <- sliced mon
            let cmn = Mon (d-dg) (zipWithZ (-) es xs)
            case M.lookup mn rec of
                Nothing -> []
                Just c  -> return $ c*(mp!(Mon (d-dg)
                                        (zipWithZ (-) es xs)))

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                          Auxiliary Functions                           --
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
zipWithZ :: (Int -> Int -> a) -> [Int] -> [Int] -> [a]
zipWithZ _ [] [] = []
zipWithZ f [] ys = map (f 0) ys
zipWithZ f xs [] = map (flip f 0) xs
zipWithZ f (x:xs) (y:ys) = f x y:zipWithZ f xs ys
 
unknowns :: [String]
unknowns = ['X':show i | i <- [1 .. ]]
 
instance Show Monomial where
    showsPrec _ (Mon 0 _)  = showString "1"
    showsPrec _ (Mon _ es) = foldr (.) id $ intersperse (showString "*") us
        where
        ps = filter ((/= 0) . snd) $ zip unknowns es
        us = map (\(s,e) -> showString s . showString "^"
                       . showParen (e < 0) (shows e)) ps

instance Eq Monomial where
    (Mon d1 e1) == (Mon d2 e2)
        = d1 == d2 && (d1 == 0 || e1 == e2)
 
instance Ord Monomial where
    compare (Mon d1 e1) (Mon d2 e2)
        = case compare d1 d2 of
            EQ | d1 == 0   -> EQ
               | otherwise -> compare e2 e1
            other          -> other
 
instance Show Polynomial where
    showsPrec p (Poly m) 
        = showP p . filter ((/= 0) . snd) $ M.assocs m

showP :: Int -> [(Monomial,Integer)] -> ShowS
showP _ [] = showString "0"
showP p cs = 
    showParen (p > 6) showL
    where
    showL = foldr (.) id $ intersperse (showString " + ") ms
    ms = map (\(m,c) -> showParen (c < 0) (shows c)
                         . showString "*" . shows m) cs
 
instance Num Polynomial where
    (Poly m1) + (Poly m2) = Poly (M.filter (/= 0) $ addM m1 m2)
    p1 - p2 = p1 + (negate p2)
    (Poly m1) * (Poly m2) = Poly (mulM (M.assocs m1) (M.assocs m2))
    negate (Poly m) = Poly $ M.map negate m
    abs = id
    signum = id
    fromInteger n
        | n == 0    = Poly (M.empty)
        | otherwise = Poly (M.singleton unit n)
 
addM :: Map Monomial Integer -> Map Monomial Integer -> Map Monomial Integer
addM p1 p2 = 
    foldl' (flip (uncurry (M.insertWith' (+)))) p1 $
    M.assocs p2
 
mulM :: [(Monomial,Integer)] -> [(Monomial,Integer)] -> Map Monomial Integer
mulM p1 p2 = 
    M.filter (/= 0) .
    foldl' (flip (uncurry (M.insertWith' (+)))) M.empty $
    liftM2 (\(e1,c1) (e2,c2) -> (e1 <*> e2,c1*c2)) p1 p2
problem_181 = main
</haskell>

== [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=182 Problem 182] ==
RSA encryption.

Solution:
<haskell>
fun a1 b1 =
    sum [ e |
    e <- [2..a*b-1],
    gcd e (a*b) == 1,
    gcd (e-1) a == 2,
    gcd (e-1) b == 2
    ]
    where
    a=a1-1
    b=b1-1
problem_182=fun 1009 3643
</haskell>

== [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=183 Problem 183] ==
Maximum product of parts.

Solution:
<haskell>
pmax x a=a*(log x-log a)
tofloat x=encodeFloat  x 0
fun x=
    div n1 $gcd n1 x
    where
    e=exp 1
    n=floor(fromInteger x/e)
    n1=snd.maximum$[(b,a)|a<-[n..n+1],let b=pmax (tofloat x) (tofloat a)]
n `splitWith` p = doSplitWith 0 n
	where doSplitWith s t
		| p `divides` t = doSplitWith (s+1) (t `div` p)
		| otherwise     = (s, t)
d `divides` n = n `mod` d == 0
funD x
    |is25 k=(-x)
    |otherwise =x
    where 
    k=fun x
is25 x
    |s==1=True
    |otherwise=False
    where
    s=snd(splitWith (snd (splitWith x 2)) 5)
problem_183 =sum[funD a|a<- [5..10000]]
</haskell>