Difference between revisions of "New monads"
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+ | Remember to add a [ [ Category:Code ] ] tag to any new sub-pages. |
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== MonadBase == |
== MonadBase == |
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It seems that the liftIO function from MonadIO can be generalized to access whatever the base of a transformer stack happens to be. So there is no need for a liftSTM, liftST, etc. |
It seems that the liftIO function from MonadIO can be generalized to access whatever the base of a transformer stack happens to be. So there is no need for a liftSTM, liftST, etc. |
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+ | View [[New monads/MonadBase]]. |
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− | <haskell> |
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− | -- By Chris Kuklewicz |
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− | module MonadBase(MonadBase,liftBase,MonadIO',liftIO') where |
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+ | == MonadLib == |
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− | import Data.Monoid(Monoid) |
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− | import Control.Monad.Trans(lift,MonadTrans) |
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− | -- All the base monads with GHC |
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− | import Control.Monad.ST.Strict as S(ST) |
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− | import Control.Monad.ST.Lazy as L(ST) |
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− | import Control.Concurrent.STM(STM) |
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− | import Control.Monad.Identity(Identity) |
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− | import Text.ParserCombinators.Parsec(GenParser) |
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− | -- And all the MonadIO instances: |
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− | import Control.Monad.List(ListT) |
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− | import Control.Monad.Cont(ContT) |
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− | import Control.Monad.Error(ErrorT,Error) |
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− | import Control.Monad.Reader(ReaderT) |
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− | import Control.Monad.State(StateT) |
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− | import Control.Monad.Writer(WriterT) |
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− | import Control.Monad.RWS(RWST) |
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+ | [[MonadLib]] is written by Iavor S. Diatchki. |
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− | class (Monad m,Monad b) => MonadBase b m where |
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− | liftBase :: b a -> m a |
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+ | It is a new version of the mtl package with base monads: Id, and Lift, and transformers ReaderT, WriterT, StateT, ExceptionT, ChoiceT, and ContT. |
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− | -- One can recover MonadIO and liftIO from MonadBase |
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− | class (MonadBase IO m) => MonadIO' m where |
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− | liftIO' :: IO a -> m a |
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− | liftIO' = liftBase |
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+ | It also defines BaseM which is like MonadBase above. |
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− | -- Base monads |
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− | instance MonadBase IO IO where liftBase = id |
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− | instance MonadBase STM STM where liftBase = id |
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− | instance MonadBase (GenParser tok st) (GenParser tok st) where liftBase = id |
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− | instance MonadBase (S.ST s) (S.ST s) where liftBase = id |
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− | instance MonadBase (L.ST s) (L.ST s) where liftBase = id |
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− | instance MonadBase Maybe Maybe where liftBase = id |
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− | instance MonadBase [] [] where liftBase = id |
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− | instance (Error e) => MonadBase (Either e) (Either e) where liftBase = id |
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− | instance MonadBase ((->) a) ((->) a) where liftBase = id |
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− | instance MonadBase Identity Identity where liftBase = id |
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+ | == MonadRandom == |
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− | -- Trans monads |
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− | instance MonadBase b m => MonadBase b (ListT m) where |
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− | liftBase = lift . liftBase |
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− | instance MonadBase b m => MonadBase b (ContT r m) where |
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− | liftBase = lift . liftBase |
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− | instance (Error e, MonadBase b m) => MonadBase b (ErrorT e m) where |
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− | liftBase = lift . liftBase |
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− | instance MonadBase b m => MonadBase b (ReaderT r m) where |
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− | liftBase = lift . liftBase |
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− | instance MonadBase b m => MonadBase b (StateT s m) where |
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− | liftBase = lift . liftBase |
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− | instance (Monoid w, MonadBase b m) => MonadBase b (WriterT w m) where |
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− | liftBase = lift . liftBase |
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− | instance (Monoid w, MonadBase b m) => MonadBase b (RWST r w s m) where |
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− | liftBase = lift . liftBase |
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− | </haskell> |
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+ | A simple monad transformer to allow computations in the transformed monad to generate random values. |
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− | And an artificial example: |
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+ | View [[New monads/MonadRandom]]. |
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− | <haskell> |
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− | module Main where |
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+ | ===MonadRandomSplittable=== |
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− | import MonadBase |
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+ | A refinement of MonadRandom to integrate RandomGen's split function. |
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− | import Control.Monad.Reader |
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− | import Control.Monad.Writer |
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− | type Foo a = (WriterT [Int] (ReaderT String [])) a |
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+ | View at [[New monads/MonadRandomSplittable]] |
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− | foo :: Foo String |
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− | foo = do |
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− | x <- liftBase [1,2,3] |
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− | s <- ask |
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− | tell [succ x] |
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− | return (s ++ show x) |
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+ | == MaybeT == |
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− | test = runReaderT (runWriterT foo) "hello" |
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− | </haskell> |
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+ | The Maybe monad deserves a transformer, just like the other classic monads. |
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− | <pre> |
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− | *Main> test |
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− | [("hello1",[2]),("hello2",[3]),("hello3",[4])] |
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− | </pre> |
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+ | View [[New monads/MaybeT]]. |
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− | == |
+ | == MonadSupply == |
+ | |||
+ | Here is a simple monad/monad transformer for computations which consume values from a (finite or infinite) supply. Note that due to pattern matching, running out of supply in a non-MonadZero monad will cause an error. |
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+ | |||
+ | View [[New monads/MonadSupply]]. |
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+ | |||
+ | == MonadUndo == |
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+ | |||
+ | Here is a modified state monad transformer for keeping track of undo/redo states automatically. |
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+ | |||
+ | View [[New monads/MonadUndo]]. |
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+ | |||
+ | == MonadUnique == |
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+ | |||
+ | This is a simple (trivial) monad transformer for supplying unique integer values to an algorithm. |
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+ | |||
+ | View [[New monads/MonadUnique]]. |
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+ | |||
+ | == MonadSTO == |
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+ | |||
+ | Here's an extension of the ST monad in which the references are ordered and showable (they list their creation index). |
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+ | |||
+ | View [[New monads/MonadSTO]]. |
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+ | |||
+ | == MonadNondet == |
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+ | |||
+ | There is a [[Sudoku#Monadic_Non-Deterministic_Solver | MonadNondet]] that when compiled with optimizations outperforms List. |
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+ | |||
+ | == Stateful nondeterminism == |
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+ | |||
+ | There is a [[Stateful nondeterminism]] monad for if you want to do nondeterministic computation with local states for each of your threads and a global state shared by all your threads. |
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+ | |||
+ | == MonadAdvSTM == |
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+ | |||
+ | Here is an extension of STM to easy interaction with IO after committing or retrying. Inspired by Simon P-J. |
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+ | |||
+ | View [[New monads/MonadAdvSTM]]. |
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+ | |||
+ | == TimedStateT == |
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+ | |||
+ | A monad transformer which combines State, Reader, and Error functionality to give the effect of a StateT monad which checks clock-time and stops the current computation if a period is exceeded. |
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+ | |||
+ | darcs get http://www.mapcar.org/haskell/TimedStateT/ |
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+ | |||
+ | Haddocks: http://www.mapcar.org/haskell/TimedStateT/dist/doc/html/ |
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+ | |||
+ | == MonadExit == |
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+ | |||
+ | The Exit monad provides [[short-circuiting]] for complex program flow logic. |
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+ | |||
+ | If you are using CPS (either explicitly, or in a CPS-based monad such as MonadCont or LogicT) only for this purpose, the Exit monad will likely simplify your program considerably. |
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+ | |||
+ | '''Note:''' Now that a restriction on the Left type has been removed, the standard <hask>Either</hask> type can be used for this purpose. No separate Exit monad is needed anymore. For a monad transformer, use the version of EitherT defined in the [http://hackage.haskell.org/package/either either] package. |
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+ | |||
+ | View [[New monads/MonadExit|MonadExit]]. |
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+ | |||
+ | == MonadSplit == |
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+ | |||
+ | Represents the class of monads such that |
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+ | |||
+ | <haskell>l == (msplit l >>= \(x,xs) -> return x `mplus` xs)</haskell> |
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+ | |||
+ | In English, msplit is a counterpart to "mplus". |
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+ | |||
+ | Using this, you can redefine many of the functions which previously depended on lists: foldM, scanM, inits, tails, and some derived functions. |
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+ | |||
+ | Note: A more general form of this monad, |
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+ | [http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/base/Data-Foldable.html Data.Foldable], is now part of the |
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+ | [http://haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/libraries/ standard libraries]. |
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+ | |||
+ | View [[New monads/MonadSplit]]. |
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+ | |||
+ | == Lazy and Strict variants == |
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+ | |||
+ | This section contains monads that have interesting Strict or Lazy properties. |
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+ | |||
+ | === LazyWriterT === |
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+ | |||
+ | This came up on the mailing list: Why is WriterT never lazy? The answer is it does not use lazy patterns with "~". So here is a more useful [[New monads/LazyWriterT]] that add two "~" to the definition of (>>=) and renames WriterT to LazyWriterT. |
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+ | === Strict RWS === |
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− | This is by Iavor S. Diatchki and can be found at http://www.cse.ogi.edu/~diatchki/monadLib/ |
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+ | This was contribute by John Meacham on on the haskell-cafe mailing list. [[New monads/UnboxedRWS]] is an strict variant of RWS. |
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− | It a new version of the mtl package with transformers: ReaderT WriterT StateT ExceptT SearchT ContT |
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+ | [[Category:Idioms]] |
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− | It also defined BaseM which is like MonadBase above. |
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+ | [[Category:Monad]] |
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+ | [[Category:Proposals]] |
Latest revision as of 09:43, 9 December 2014
Remember to add a [ [ Category:Code ] ] tag to any new sub-pages.
MonadBase
It seems that the liftIO function from MonadIO can be generalized to access whatever the base of a transformer stack happens to be. So there is no need for a liftSTM, liftST, etc.
View New monads/MonadBase.
MonadLib
MonadLib is written by Iavor S. Diatchki.
It is a new version of the mtl package with base monads: Id, and Lift, and transformers ReaderT, WriterT, StateT, ExceptionT, ChoiceT, and ContT.
It also defines BaseM which is like MonadBase above.
MonadRandom
A simple monad transformer to allow computations in the transformed monad to generate random values.
View New monads/MonadRandom.
MonadRandomSplittable
A refinement of MonadRandom to integrate RandomGen's split function.
View at New monads/MonadRandomSplittable
MaybeT
The Maybe monad deserves a transformer, just like the other classic monads.
View New monads/MaybeT.
MonadSupply
Here is a simple monad/monad transformer for computations which consume values from a (finite or infinite) supply. Note that due to pattern matching, running out of supply in a non-MonadZero monad will cause an error.
View New monads/MonadSupply.
MonadUndo
Here is a modified state monad transformer for keeping track of undo/redo states automatically.
View New monads/MonadUndo.
MonadUnique
This is a simple (trivial) monad transformer for supplying unique integer values to an algorithm.
View New monads/MonadUnique.
MonadSTO
Here's an extension of the ST monad in which the references are ordered and showable (they list their creation index).
View New monads/MonadSTO.
MonadNondet
There is a MonadNondet that when compiled with optimizations outperforms List.
Stateful nondeterminism
There is a Stateful nondeterminism monad for if you want to do nondeterministic computation with local states for each of your threads and a global state shared by all your threads.
MonadAdvSTM
Here is an extension of STM to easy interaction with IO after committing or retrying. Inspired by Simon P-J.
View New monads/MonadAdvSTM.
TimedStateT
A monad transformer which combines State, Reader, and Error functionality to give the effect of a StateT monad which checks clock-time and stops the current computation if a period is exceeded.
darcs get http://www.mapcar.org/haskell/TimedStateT/
Haddocks: http://www.mapcar.org/haskell/TimedStateT/dist/doc/html/
MonadExit
The Exit monad provides short-circuiting for complex program flow logic.
If you are using CPS (either explicitly, or in a CPS-based monad such as MonadCont or LogicT) only for this purpose, the Exit monad will likely simplify your program considerably.
Note: Now that a restriction on the Left type has been removed, the standard Either
type can be used for this purpose. No separate Exit monad is needed anymore. For a monad transformer, use the version of EitherT defined in the either package.
View MonadExit.
MonadSplit
Represents the class of monads such that
l == (msplit l >>= \(x,xs) -> return x `mplus` xs)
In English, msplit is a counterpart to "mplus".
Using this, you can redefine many of the functions which previously depended on lists: foldM, scanM, inits, tails, and some derived functions.
Note: A more general form of this monad, Data.Foldable, is now part of the standard libraries.
View New monads/MonadSplit.
Lazy and Strict variants
This section contains monads that have interesting Strict or Lazy properties.
LazyWriterT
This came up on the mailing list: Why is WriterT never lazy? The answer is it does not use lazy patterns with "~". So here is a more useful New monads/LazyWriterT that add two "~" to the definition of (>>=) and renames WriterT to LazyWriterT.
Strict RWS
This was contribute by John Meacham on on the haskell-cafe mailing list. New monads/UnboxedRWS is an strict variant of RWS.