Euler problems/21 to 30
Problem 21
Evaluate the sum of all amicable pairs under 10000.
Solution:
problem_21 =
sum [n |
n <- [2..9999],
let m = eulerTotient n,
m > 1,
m < 10000,
n == eulerTotient m
]
Problem 22
What is the total of all the name scores in the file of first names?
Solution:
import Data.List
import Data.Char
problem_22 = do
input <- readFile "names.txt"
let names = sort $ read$"["++ input++"]"
let scores = zipWith score names [1..]
print $ show $ sum $ scores
where
score w i = (i *) $ sum $ map (\c -> ord c - ord 'A' + 1) w
Problem 23
Find the sum of all the positive integers which cannot be written as the sum of two abundant numbers.
Solution:
import Data.Array
n = 28124
abundant n = eulerTotient n - n > n
abunds_array = listArray (1,n) $ map abundant [1..n]
abunds = filter (abunds_array !) [1..n]
rests x = map (x-) $ takeWhile (<= x `div` 2) abunds
isSum = any (abunds_array !) . rests
problem_23 = putStrLn $ show $ foldl1 (+) $ filter (not . isSum) [1..n]
Problem 24
What is the millionth lexicographic permutation of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9?
Solution:
import Data.List
fac 0 = 1
fac n = n * fac (n - 1)
perms [] _= []
perms xs n=
x:( perms ( delete x $ xs ) (mod n m))
where
m=fac$(length(xs) -1)
y=div n m
x = xs!!y
problem_24 = perms "0123456789" 999999
Problem 25
What is the first term in the Fibonacci sequence to contain 1000 digits?
Solution:
import Data.List
fib x
|x==0=0
|x==1=1
|x==2=1
|odd x=(fib (d+1))^2+(fib d)^2
|otherwise=(fib (d+1))^2-(fib (d-1))^2
where
d=div x 2
phi=(1+sqrt 5)/2
dig x=floor( (fromInteger x-1) * log 10 /log phi)
problem_25 =
head[a|a<-[dig num..],(>=limit)$fib a]
where
num=1000
limit=10^(num-1)
Problem 26
Find the value of d < 1000 for which 1/d contains the longest recurring cycle.
Solution:
problem_26 =
fst $ maximumBy (\a b -> snd a `compare` snd b)
[(n,recurringCycle n) | n <- [1..999]]
where
recurringCycle d = remainders d 10 []
remainders d 0 rs = 0
remainders d r rs = let r' = r `mod` d
in case findIndex (== r') rs of
Just i -> i + 1
Nothing -> remainders d (10*r') (r':rs)
Problem 27
Find a quadratic formula that produces the maximum number of primes for consecutive values of n.
Solution:
The following is written in literate Haskell:
> import Data.List
To be sure we get the maximum type checking of the compiler,
we switch off the default type
> default ()
Generate a list of primes.
It works by filtering out numbers that are
divisable by a previously found prime
> primes :: [Int]
> primes = sieve (2 : [3, 5..])
> where
> sieve (p:xs) = p : sieve (filter (\x -> x `mod` p > 0) xs)
> isPrime :: Int -> Bool
> isPrime x = x `elem` (takeWhile (<= x) primes)
The lists of values we are going to try for a and b;
b must be a prime, as n² + an + b is equal to b when n = 0
> testRangeA :: [Int]
> testRangeA = [-1000 .. 1000]
> testRangeB :: [Int]
> testRangeB = takeWhile (< 1000) primes
The search
> bestCoefficients :: (Int, Int, Int)
> bestCoefficients =
> maximumBy (\(x, _, _) (y, _, _) -> compare x y) $
> [f a b | a <- testRangeA, b <- testRangeB]
> where
Generate a list of results of the quadratic formula
(only the contiguous primes)
wrap the result in a triple, together with a and b
> f :: Int -> Int -> (Int, Int, Int)
> f a b = ( length $ contiguousPrimes a b
> , a
> , b
> )
> contiguousPrimes :: Int -> Int -> [Int]
> contiguousPrimes a b = takeWhile isPrime (map (quadratic a b) [0..])
The quadratic formula
> quadratic :: Int -> Int -> Int -> Int
> quadratic a b n = n * n + a * n + b
> problem_27 =
> do
> let (l, a, b) = bestCoefficients
>
> putStrLn $ ""
> putStrLn $ "Problem Euler 27"
> putStrLn $ ""
> putStrLn $ "The best quadratic formula found is:"
> putStrLn $ " n * n + " ++ show a ++ " * n + " ++ show b
> putStrLn $ ""
> putStrLn $ "The number of primes is: " ++ (show l)
> putStrLn $ ""
> putStrLn $ "The primes are:"
> print $ take l $ contiguousPrimes a b
> putStrLn $ ""
Problem 28
What is the sum of both diagonals in a 1001 by 1001 spiral?
Solution:
corners :: Int -> (Int, Int, Int, Int)
corners i = (n*n, 1+(n*(2*m)), 2+(n*(2*m-1)), 3+(n*(2*m-2)))
where m = (i-1) `div` 2
n = 2*m+1
sumcorners :: Int -> Int
sumcorners i = a+b+c+d where (a, b, c, d) = corners i
sumdiags :: Int -> Int
sumdiags i | even i = error "not a spiral"
| i == 3 = s + 1
| otherwise = s + sumdiags (i-2)
where s = sumcorners i
problem_28 = sumdiags 1001
You can note that from 1 to 3 there's (+2), and such too for 5, 7 and 9, it then goes up to (+4) 4 times, and so on, adding 2 to the number to add for each level of the spiral. You can so avoid all need for multiplications and just do additions with the following code :
problem_28 = sum . scanl (+) 1 . concatMap (replicate 4) $ [2,4..1000]
Problem 29
How many distinct terms are in the sequence generated by ab for 2 ≤ a ≤ 100 and 2 ≤ b ≤ 100?
Solution:
problem_29 = length . group . sort $ [a^b | a <- [2..100], b <- [2..100]]
Problem 30
Find the sum of all the numbers that can be written as the sum of fifth powers of their digits.
Solution:
import Data.Char
limit = snd $ head $ dropWhile (\(a,b) -> a > b)
$ zip (map (9^5*) [1..]) (map (10^) [1..])
fifth n = foldr (\a b -> (toInteger(ord a) - 48)^5 + b) 0 $ show n
problem_30 = sum $ filter (\n -> n == fifth n) [2..limit]