99 questions/Solutions/13

(**) Run-length encoding of a list (direct solution).

Implement the so-called run-length encoding data compression method directly. I.e. don't explicitly create the sublists containing the duplicates, as in problem 9, but only count them. As in problem P11, simplify the result list by replacing the singleton lists (1 X) by X.

encode' :: Eq a => [a] -> [(Int,a)]
encode' = foldr helper []
    where
      helper x [] = [(1,x)]
      helper x (y@(a,b):ys)
        | x == b    = (1+a,x):ys
        | otherwise = (1,x):y:ys

encodeDirect :: Eq a => [a] -> [ListItem a]
encodeDirect = map encodeHelper . encode'
    where
      encodeHelper (1,x) = Single x
      encodeHelper (n,x) = Multiple n x

First of all we could rewrite the function encode from problem 10 in a way that is does not create the sublists. Thus, I decided to traverse the original list from right to left (using foldr) and to prepend each element to the resulting list in the proper way. Thereafter we only need to modify the function encodeModified from problem 11 to use encode'.

Alternative direct writing without significant external functions:

encodeDirect :: (Eq a) => [a] -> [ListItem a]
encodeDirect [] = []
encodeDirect (x:xs) = encodeDirect' 1 x xs
encodeDirect' n y [] = [encodeElement n y]
encodeDirect' n y (x:xs) | y == x    = encodeDirect' (n+1) y xs
                         | otherwise = encodeElement n y : (encodeDirect' 1 x xs)
encodeElement 1 y = Single y
encodeElement n y = Multiple n y

Yet another solution:

encodeDirect :: (Eq a)=> [a] -> [ListItem a]
encodeDirect [] = []
encodeDirect (x:xs)
    | count==1  = (Single x) : (encodeDirect xs)
    | otherwise = (Multiple count x) : (encodeDirect rest)
    where
        (matched, rest) = span (==x) xs
        count = 1 + (length matched)

As a wrapper, with a helper:

encodeDirect :: Eq a => [a] -> [ListItem a]
encodeDirect []=[]
encodeDirect (x:xs) = encodeDirectHelper 1 x xs

encodeDirectHelper :: Eq a => Int->a->[a]->[ListItem a]
encodeDirectHelper n x [] = [encodeHelper(n,x)]
encodeDirectHelper n x xs = if x==(head xs)
            then encodeDirectHelper (n+1) x (tail xs)
            else [encodeHelper(n,x)] ++ (encodeDirect xs)

encodeHelper :: (Int, a)-> ListItem a
encodeHelper (1,x)= Single x
encodeHelper (n,x)= Multiple n x

Another solution using span:

encodeDirect :: Eq a => [a] -> [ListItem a]
encodeDirect []     = []
encodeDirect (x:xs) = let (group, rest) = span (==x) xs in 
    convertIfSingle (Multiple (1 + length group) x) : encodeDirect rest
    where convertIfSingle (Multiple 1 x) = (Single x)
          otherwise                      = x