Applications and libraries/Mathematics

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This page contains a list of libraries and tools in a certain category. For a comprehensive list of such pages, see Applications and libraries.

Libraries for numerical algorithms and mathematics

Linear algebra

GSLHaskell

High level functional interface to standard linear algebra computations and other numerical algorithms based on the GNU Scientific Library. Alternative download site.

Wrapper to CLAPACK

Digital Signal Processing

Modules for matrix manipulation, digital signal processing, spectral estimation, and frequency estimation.

Index-aware linear algebra

Frederik Eaton's library for statically checked matrix manipulation in Haskell

Indexless linear algebra

algorithms by Jan Skibinski, see below

See also: Design discussions

Number representations

Decimal arithmetic library

An implementation of real decimal arithmetic, for cases where the binary floating point is not acceptable (for example, money).

Dimensionalized numbers

Working with physical units like second, meter and so on in a type-safe manner.

There are several levels of handling real numbers and according libraries.

Arbitrary precision

• Numbers have fixed precision
• Rounding errors accumulate
• Sharing is easy, i.e. in sqrt pi + sin pi, pi is computed only once
• Fast, because the routines can make use of the fast implementation of Integer operations

Fractions.hs

algorithms by Jan Skibinski, see below

FixedPoint.hs

part of NumericPrelude project

Dynamic precision

• You tell the precision, an expression shall be computed to and the computer finds out, how precise to compute the input values.
• Rounding errors do not accumulate
• Sharing of temporary results is difficult, that is in sqrt pi + sin pi, pi will certainly be computed twice, each time with the required precision.
• Almost as fast as arbitrary precision computation

ERA is an implementation (in Haskell 1.2) by David Lester.

It is quite fast, possibly the fastest Haskell implementation. At 220 lines it is also the shortest. Probably the shortest implementation of exact real arithmetic in any language.

Here is a mirror: http://darcs.augustsson.net/Darcs/CReal/

IC-Reals is an implementation by Abbas Edalat, Marko Krznarć and Peter J. Potts.

This implementation uses linear fractional transformations.

Few Digits by Russell O'Connor.

This is a prototype of the implementation he intendeds to write in Coq. Once the Coq implementation is complete, the Haskell code could be extracted producing an implementation that would be proved correct.

COMP is an implementation by Yann Kieffer.

The work is in beta and relies on new primitive operations on Integers which will be implemented in GHC. The library isn't available yet.

Lazily evaluated

The real numbers are represented by an infinite datastructure, which allows you to increase precision successively by evaluating the data structure successively. All of the implementations below use some kind of digit stream as number representation. Sharing of results is simple. The implementations are either fast on simple expressions, because they use large blocks/bases, or they are fast on complex expressions, because they consume as little as possible input digits in order to emit the required output digits.

BigFloat is an implementation by Martin Guy.

It works with streams of decimal digits (strictly in the range from 0 to 9) and a separate sign. The produced digits are always correct. Output is postponed until the code is certain what the next digit is. This sometimes means that no more data is output.

In "The Most Unreliable Technique in the World to compute pi" Jerzy Karczmarczuk develops some functions for computing pi lazily.

NumericPrelude: positional numbers

Represents a real number as pair (exponent,[digit]), where the digits are Ints in the open range (-basis,basis). There is no need for an extra sign item in the number data structure. The basis can range from 10 to 1000. (Binary representations can be derived from the hexadecimal representation.) Showing the numbers in traditional format (non-negative digits) fails for fractions ending with a run of zeros. However the internal representation with negative digits can always be shown and is probably more useful for further processing. An interface for the numeric type hierarchy of the NumericPrelude project is provided.

It features

• basis conversion
• basic arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
• algebraic arithmetic: square root, other roots (no general polynomial roots)
• transcendental arithmetic: pi, exponential, logarithm, trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions

Type class hierarchies

There are several approaches to improve the numeric type class hierarchy.

Dylan Thurston and Henning Thielemann's Numeric Prelude

Experimental revised framework for numeric type classes. Needs hiding of Prelude, overriding hidden functions like fromInteger and multi-parameter type classes. Probably restricted to GHC.

Jerzy Karczmarczuk's approach

Serge D. Mechveliani's Basic Algebra proposal

Andrew Frank's approach

The proposal: ftp://ftp.geoinfo.tuwien.ac.at/frank/numbersPrelude_v1.pdf

Haskell Prime

Ongoing efforts for the language revision

Discrete mathematics

Number Theory Library

Andrew Bromage's Haskell number theory library, providing operations on primes, fibonacci sequences and combinatorics.

HGAL

An haskell implementation of Brendan McKay's algorithm for graph canonic labeling and automorphism group. (aka Nauty)

Computational Oriented Matroids

is a book by Jürgen G. Bokowski, where he develops Haskell code for Matroid computations.

See also Libraries and tools/Cryptography

Computer Algebra

DoCon - Algebraic Domain Constructor

A Computer Algebra System

Papers by Jerzy Karczmarczuk

Some interesting uses of Haskell in mathematics, including functional differentiation, power series, continued fractions.

Collections of various stuff

HaskellMath

The HaskellMath library is a sandbox for experimenting with mathematics algorithms. So far I've implemented a few quantitative finance models (Black Scholes, Binomial Trees, etc) and basic linear algebra functions. Next I might work on either computer algebra or linear programming. All comments welcome!

Haskell for Maths

David Amos' collection of math libraries in Haskell - including number theory, commutative algebra, combinatorics, permutation groups and more.

Various math stuff by Henning Thielemann

This is some unsorted mathematical stuff including: GNUPlot wrapper, portable grey map (PGM) image reader and writer, simplest numerical integration, differentiation, zero finding, interpolation, solution of differential equations, combinatorics, some solutions of math riddles, computation of fractal dimensions of iterated function systems (IFS)

Mirror of the following numeric modules by Jan Skibinski

• Numerics with fractions(via Internet Archive since 10/06/2003).
• Roots of polynomials(via Internet Archive since 10/06/2003). It implements the well known Laguerre's method for finding complex roots of polynomials.
• Indexless linear algebra algorithms(via Internet Archive since 10/06/2003). Orthogonalization, solution of linear equations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
• State vector evolution(via Internet Archive since 10/06/2003)
• Short study of fuzzy oscillator(via Internet Archive since 10/06/2003)
• N-dimensional tensors(via Internet Archive since 10/06/2003)

other

Geometric Algorithms

A small Haskell library, containing algorithms for two-dimensional convex hulls, triangulations of polygons, Voronoi-diagrams and Delaunay-triangulations, the QEDS data structure, kd-trees and range-trees.

Adaptive Simulated Annealing

A Haskell interface to Lester Ingber's adaptive simulating annealing code.

Hmm: Haskell Metamath

Hmm is a small Haskell library to parse and verify Metamath databases.

Probabilistic Functional Programming

The PFP library is a collection of modules for Haskell that facilitates probabilistic functional programming, that is, programming with stochastic values. The probabilistic functional programming approach is based on a data type for representing distributions. A distribution represent the outcome of a probabilistic event as a collection of all possible values, tagged with their likelihood. A nice aspect of this system is that simulations can be specified independently from their method of execution. That is, we can either fully simulate or randomize any simulation without altering the code which defines it.

Sinc function

Boolean

A general boolean algebra class and some instances for Haskell.

HODE

HODE is a binding to the Open Dynamics Engine. ODE is an open source, high performance library for simulating rigid body dynamics.

Ranged Sets

A ranged set is a list of non-overlapping ranges. The ranges have upper and lower boundaries, and a boundary divides the base type into values above and below. No value can ever sit on a boundary. So you can have the set $(2.0,3.0]\cup (5.3,6)$.