Euler problems/21 to 30

Problem 21

Evaluate the sum of all amicable pairs under 10000.

Solution:

problem_21 = 
    sum [n |
    n <- [2..9999],
    let m = eulerTotient  n,
    m > 1,
    m < 10000,
    n ==  eulerTotient  m
    ]

Problem 22

What is the total of all the name scores in the file of first names?

Solution:

import Data.List
import Data.Char
problem_22 = do
    input <- readFile "names.txt"
    let names = sort $ read$"["++ input++"]"
    let scores = zipWith score names [1..]
    print $ show $ sum $ scores
    where
    score w i = (i *) $ sum $ map (\c -> ord c - ord 'A' + 1) w

Problem 23

Find the sum of all the positive integers which cannot be written as the sum of two abundant numbers.

Solution:

import Data.Array 
n = 28124
abundant n = eulerTotient n - n > n
abunds_array = listArray (1,n) $ map abundant [1..n]
abunds = filter (abunds_array !) [1..n]

rests x = map (x-) $ takeWhile (<= x `div` 2) abunds
isSum = any (abunds_array !) . rests

problem_23 = putStrLn $ show $ foldl1 (+) $ filter (not . isSum) [1..n]

Problem 24

What is the millionth lexicographic permutation of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9?

Solution:

import Data.List 
 
fac 0 = 1
fac n = n * fac (n - 1)
perms [] _= []
perms xs n=
    x:( perms ( delete x $ xs ) (mod n m))
    where
    m=fac$(length(xs) -1)
    y=div n m
    x = xs!!y
 
problem_24 =  perms "0123456789"  999999

Problem 25

What is the first term in the Fibonacci sequence to contain 1000 digits?

Solution:

import Data.List
fib x
    |x==0=0
    |x==1=1
    |x==2=1
    |odd x=(fib (d+1))^2+(fib d)^2
    |otherwise=(fib (d+1))^2-(fib (d-1))^2
    where
    d=div x 2

phi=(1+sqrt 5)/2
dig x=floor( (fromInteger x-1) * log 10 /log phi)
problem_25 = 
    head[a|a<-[dig num..],(>=limit)$fib a]
    where
    num=1000
    limit=10^(num-1)

Problem 26

Find the value of d < 1000 for which 1/d contains the longest recurring cycle.

Solution:

problem_26 = 
    fst $ maximumBy (\a b -> snd a `compare` snd b)
                            [(n,recurringCycle n) | n <- [1..999]]
    where
    recurringCycle d = remainders d 10 []
    remainders d 0 rs = 0
    remainders d r rs = let r' = r `mod` d
                        in case findIndex (== r') rs of
                                Just i  -> i + 1
                                Nothing -> remainders d (10*r') (r':rs)

Problem 27

Find a quadratic formula that produces the maximum number of primes for consecutive values of n.

Solution:

The following is written in literate Haskell:

> import Data.List

To be sure we get the maximum type checking of the compiler, 
we switch off the default type

> default ()

Generate a list of primes.
It works by filtering out numbers that are 
divisable by a previously found prime

> primes :: [Int]
> primes = sieve (2 : [3, 5..])
>   where
>     sieve (p:xs) = p : sieve (filter (\x -> x `mod` p > 0) xs)

> isPrime :: Int -> Bool
> isPrime x = x `elem` (takeWhile (<= x) primes)


The lists of values we are going to try for a and b;
b must be a prime, as n² + an + b is equal to b when n = 0

> testRangeA :: [Int]
> testRangeA = [-1000 .. 1000]

> testRangeB :: [Int]
> testRangeB = takeWhile (< 1000) primes


The search 

> bestCoefficients :: (Int, Int, Int)
> bestCoefficients = 
>   maximumBy (\(x, _, _) (y, _, _) -> compare x y)  $
>   [f a b | a <- testRangeA, b <- testRangeB]
>     where 

        Generate a list of results of the quadratic formula
        (only the contiguous primes)
        wrap the result in a triple, together with a and b

>       f :: Int -> Int -> (Int, Int, Int)
>       f a b = ( length $ contiguousPrimes a b
>               , a
>               , b
>               )

> contiguousPrimes :: Int -> Int -> [Int]
> contiguousPrimes a b = takeWhile isPrime (map (quadratic a b) [0..])


The quadratic formula

> quadratic :: Int -> Int -> Int -> Int
> quadratic a b n  = n * n + a * n + b


> problem_27 =  
>   do
>     let (l, a, b) = bestCoefficients 
>   
>     putStrLn $ ""
>     putStrLn $ "Problem Euler 27" 
>     putStrLn $ ""
>     putStrLn $ "The best quadratic formula found is:"
>     putStrLn $ "  n * n + " ++ show a ++ " * n + " ++ show b
>     putStrLn $ ""
>     putStrLn $ "The number of primes is: " ++ (show l)
>     putStrLn $ ""
>     putStrLn $ "The primes are:"
>     print $ take l $ contiguousPrimes a b
>     putStrLn $ ""

Problem 28

What is the sum of both diagonals in a 1001 by 1001 spiral?

Solution:

corners :: Int -> (Int, Int, Int, Int)
corners i = (n*n, 1+(n*(2*m)), 2+(n*(2*m-1)), 3+(n*(2*m-2))) 
    where m = (i-1) `div` 2
          n = 2*m+1

sumcorners :: Int -> Int
sumcorners i = a+b+c+d where (a, b, c, d) = corners i

sumdiags :: Int -> Int
sumdiags i | even i    = error "not a spiral"
           | i == 3    = s + 1
           | otherwise = s + sumdiags (i-2) 
           where s = sumcorners i

problem_28 = sumdiags 1001

You can note that from 1 to 3 there's (+2), and such too for 5, 7 and 9, it then goes up to (+4) 4 times, and so on, adding 2 to the number to add for each level of the spiral. You can so avoid all need for multiplications and just do additions with the following code :

problem_28 = sum . scanl (+) 1 . concatMap (replicate 4) $ [2,4..1000]

Problem 29

How many distinct terms are in the sequence generated by a^b for 2 ≤ a ≤ 100 and 2 ≤ b ≤ 100?

Solution:

problem_29 = length . group . sort $ [a^b | a <- [2..100], b <- [2..100]]

Problem 30

Find the sum of all the numbers that can be written as the sum of fifth powers of their digits.

Solution:

import Data.Char
limit = snd $ head $ dropWhile (\(a,b) -> a > b) 
    $ zip (map (9^5*) [1..]) (map (10^) [1..])
 
fifth n = foldr (\a b -> (toInteger(ord a) - 48)^5 + b) 0 $ show n
 
problem_30 = sum $ filter (\n -> n == fifth n) [2..limit]