Difference between revisions of "Graham Scan Implementation"

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m (→‎Testing: add graph of points)
m (fixup Pt definition)
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<haskell>
  
<haskell>
−
import Data.Ord (comparing)
  
 
import Data.List (sortBy)
  
import Data.List (sortBy)
  +
import Data.Function (on)
−
--Graham Scan exercise
  
   
−
--Direction type
 +
data Direction = LEFT | RIGHT | STRAIGHT
  +
deriving (Show, Eq)
−
data Direction = LeftTurn
  
−
| RightTurn
  
−
| Straight
  
−
deriving (Show, Eq)
  
   
  +
data Pt = Pt (Double, Double)
−
--Point type
  
  +
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
−
data Point = Point (Double, Double)
  
−
deriving (Show)
  
   
  +
isTurned :: Pt -> Pt -> Pt -> Direction
−
--some points
  
  +
isTurned (Pt (ax, ay)) (Pt (bx, by)) (Pt (cx, cy)) = case sign of
−
p0 = Point (2.1,2.0)
  
  +
EQ -> STRAIGHT
−
p1 = Point (4.2,2.0)
  
  +
LT -> RIGHT
−
p2 = Point (0.5,2.5)
  
  +
GT -> LEFT
−
p3 = Point (3.2,3.5)
  
  +
where sign = compare ((bx - ax) * (cy - ay)) ((cx - ax) * (by - ay))
−
p4 = Point (1.2,4.0)
  
−
p5 = Point (0.7,4.7)
  
−
p6 = Point (1.0,1.0)
  
−
p7 = Point (3.0,5.2)
  
−
p8 = Point (4.0,4.0)
  
−
p9 = Point (3.5,1.5)
  
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pA = Point (0.5,1.0)
  
−
points = [p0,p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6,p7,p8,p9,pA]
  
   
  +
gScan :: [Pt] -> [Pt]
−
-- Actually, I'd leave it as EQ, GT, LT. Then, actually,
  
  +
gScan pts
−
-- if you wanted to sort points rotationally around a single point,
  
  +
| length pts >= 3 = scan [pt0] rests
−
-- sortBy (dir x) would actually work. --wasserman.louis@gmail.com
  
  +
| otherwise = pts
−
--Get direction of single set of line segments
  
  +
where
−
dir :: Point -> Point -> Point -> Direction
  
  +
-- Find the most bottom-left point pt0
−
dir (Point (ax, ay)) (Point (bx, by)) (Point (cx, cy)) = case sign of
  
  +
pt0 = foldr bottomLeft (Pt (1/0, 1/0)) pts where
−
EQ -> Straight
  
−
GT -> LeftTurn
 +
bottomLeft pa pb = case ord of
−
LT -> RightTurn
 +
LT -> pa
−
where sign = compare ((bx - ax) * (cy - ay)) ((by - ay) * (cx - ax))
 +
GT -> pb
  +
EQ -> pa
  +
where ord = (compare `on` (\ (Pt (x, y)) -> (y, x))) pa pb
   
  +
-- Sort other points based on angle
−
--Get a list of Directions from a list of Points
  
  +
rests = tail (sortBy (compare `on` compkey pt0) pts) where
−
dirlist :: [Point] -> [Direction]
  
  +
compkey (Pt (x0, y0)) (Pt (x, y)) = (atan2 (y - y0) (x - x0),
−
dirlist (x:y:z:xs) = dir x y z : dirlist (y:z:xs)
  
  +
abs (x - x0))
−
dirlist _ = []
  
   
  +
-- Scan the points to find out convex
−
--Compare Y axes
  
  +
-- -- handle the case that all points are collinear
−
sortByY :: [Point] -> [Point]
  
  +
scan [p0] (p1:ps)
−
sortByY xs = sortBy lowestY xs
  
−
where lowestY (Point(x1,y1)) (Point (x2,y2)) = compare (y1,x1) (y2,x2)
 +
| isTurned pz p0 p1 == STRAIGHT = [pz, p0]
  +
where pz = last ps
−
--get COT of line defined by two points and the x-axis
  
−
pointAngle :: Point -> Point -> Double
  
−
pointAngle (Point (x1, y1)) (Point (x2, y2)) = (x2 - x1) / (y2 - y1)
  
   
  +
scan (x:xs) (y:z:rsts) = case isTurned x y z of
−
--compare based on point angle
  
  +
RIGHT -> scan xs (x:z:rsts)
−
pointOrdering :: Point -> Point -> Ordering
  
  +
STRAIGHT -> scan (x:xs) (z:rsts) -- skip collinear points
−
pointOrdering a b = compare (pointAngle a b) 0.0
  
  +
LEFT -> scan (y:x:xs) (z:rsts)
   
  +
scan xs [z] = z : xs
−
--Sort by angle
  
−
sortByAngle :: [Point] -> [Point]
  
−
sortByAngle ps = bottomLeft : sortBy (compareAngles bottomLeft) (tail (sortedPs))
  
−
where sortedPs = sortByY ps
  
−
bottomLeft = head (sortedPs)
  
−  
−
 
−  
−
--Compare angles
  
−
compareAngles :: Point -> Point -> Point -> Ordering
  
−
compareAngles = comparing . pointAngle
  
−  
−
--Graham Scan
  
−
gscan :: [Point] -> [Point]
  
−
gscan ps = scan (sortByAngle ps)
  
−
where scan (x:y:z:xs) = if dir x y z == LeftTurn
 
−
then scan (x:z:xs)
  
−
else x: scan (y:z:xs)
  
−
scan [x,y] = [x,y] -- there's no shame in a pattern match
  
−
-- of this type!
  
−
scan _ = []
  
 
</haskell>
  
</haskell>
   
−
== Testing ==
  
−
The above implementation has an error, which can be found using
  
   
  +
== Test ==
 
<haskell>
  
<haskell>
 
import Test.QuickCheck
  
import Test.QuickCheck
Line 90: Line 58:
   
   
−
gscan' = map (\(Point x) -> x) . gscan . map Point
 +
convex' = map (\(Pt x) -> x) . convex . map Pt
   
−
prop_gscan n = forAll (replicateM n arbitrary) (\xs -> sort (gscan' xs) == sort (gscan' (gscan' xs)))
 +
prop_convex n = forAll (replicateM n arbitrary) (\xs -> sort (convex' xs) == sort (convex' (convex' xs)))
   
 
</haskell>
  
</haskell>
   
  +
The results are:
−
This leads to a counterexample for lists of 5 elements
  
   
 
<haskell>
  
<haskell>
−
> quickCheck (prop_gscan 3)
 +
> quickCheck (prop_convex 0)
 
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
  
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
−
> quickCheck (prop_gscan 4)
 +
> quickCheck (prop_convex 1)
  +
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
  +
> quickCheck (prop_convex 2)
  +
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
  +
> quickCheck (prop_convex 3)
  +
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
  +
> quickCheck (prop_convex 4)
  +
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
  +
> quickCheck (prop_convex 5)
  +
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
  +
> quickCheck (prop_convex 10)
  +
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
  +
> quickCheck (prop_convex 100)
  +
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
  +
> quickCheck (prop_convex 1000)
  +
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
  +
> quickCheck (prop_convex 10000)
 
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
  
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
−
> quickCheck (prop_gscan 5)
  
−
*** Failed! Falsifiable (after 10 tests):
  
−
[(-2.4444173639942894,13.729627457461254),(65.72912810263666,5.955962930412828),(-34.288098030422404,80.6230134460068),(-6.446932942713564,-11.632835144720378),(2.861905401095031,1.1159493836896193)]
  
−  
−
> let f = [(-2.4444173639942894,13.729627457461254),(65.72912810263666,5.955962930412828),(-34.288098030422404,80.6230134460068),(-6.446932942713564,-11.632835144720378),(2.861905401095031,1.1159493836896193)]
  
−
> gscan' f
  
−
[(-6.446932942713564,-11.632835144720378),(-34.288098030422404,80.6230134460068),(-2.4444173639942894,13.729627457461254),(65.72912810263666,5.955962930412828)]
  
−
> gscan' (gscan' f)
  
−
[(-6.446932942713564,-11.632835144720378),(-34.288098030422404,80.6230134460068),(65.72912810263666,5.955962930412828)]
  
−
> gscan' (gscan' (gscan' f))
  
−
[(-6.446932942713564,-11.632835144720378),(-34.288098030422404,80.6230134460068),(65.72912810263666,5.955962930412828)]
  
 
</haskell>
  
</haskell>
−  
−
The versions of <tt>f</tt> with differing numbers of gscan applied are:
  
−
[[File:Graham_scan_implementation_failure.png]]
  

Revision as of 14:36, 5 January 2015

Descriptions of this problem can be found in Real World Haskell, Chapter 3 

import Data.List (sortBy)
import Data.Function (on)

data Direction = LEFT | RIGHT | STRAIGHT
               deriving (Show, Eq)

data Pt = Pt (Double, Double)
        deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)

isTurned :: Pt -> Pt -> Pt -> Direction
isTurned (Pt (ax, ay)) (Pt (bx, by)) (Pt (cx, cy)) = case sign of
    EQ -> STRAIGHT
    LT -> RIGHT
    GT -> LEFT
    where sign = compare ((bx - ax) * (cy - ay)) ((cx - ax) * (by - ay))

gScan :: [Pt] -> [Pt]
gScan pts 
    | length pts >= 3 = scan [pt0] rests
    | otherwise       = pts
    where 
        -- Find the most bottom-left point pt0
        pt0 = foldr bottomLeft (Pt (1/0, 1/0)) pts where
            bottomLeft pa pb = case ord of
                               LT -> pa
                               GT -> pb
                               EQ -> pa
                       where ord = (compare `on` (\ (Pt (x, y)) -> (y, x))) pa pb

        -- Sort other points based on angle
        rests = tail (sortBy (compare `on` compkey pt0) pts) where
            compkey (Pt (x0, y0)) (Pt (x, y)) = (atan2 (y - y0) (x - x0),
                                       abs (x - x0))

        -- Scan the points to find out convex
        -- -- handle the case that all points are collinear
        scan [p0] (p1:ps)
            | isTurned pz p0 p1 == STRAIGHT = [pz, p0]
            where pz = last ps

        scan (x:xs) (y:z:rsts) = case isTurned x y z of
            RIGHT    -> scan xs (x:z:rsts)
            STRAIGHT -> scan (x:xs) (z:rsts) -- skip collinear points
            LEFT     -> scan (y:x:xs) (z:rsts)

        scan xs [z] = z : xs


Test

import Test.QuickCheck
import Control.Monad
import Data.List


convex' = map (\(Pt x) -> x) . convex . map Pt

prop_convex n = forAll (replicateM n arbitrary) (\xs -> sort (convex' xs) == sort (convex' (convex' xs)))

The results are: 

> quickCheck (prop_convex 0)
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
> quickCheck (prop_convex 1)
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
> quickCheck (prop_convex 2)
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
> quickCheck (prop_convex 3)
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
> quickCheck (prop_convex 4)
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
> quickCheck (prop_convex 5)
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
> quickCheck (prop_convex 10)
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
> quickCheck (prop_convex 100)
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
> quickCheck (prop_convex 1000)
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
> quickCheck (prop_convex 10000)
+++ OK, passed 100 tests.
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