Pronunciation

There was a thread on Haskell-Cafe about how to pronounce Haskell.

Below are some notes for beginners on how to pronounce those strange Haskell operators and 'read' Haskell programs.

This is meant to be a table with formal and informal ways of saying various operators and code snippets.

Symbol	Pronunciation	References
::	has type (in definitions); at type (in expressions or patterns)
->	maps to, to
=	is
==	equals	Prelude
/=	not equals	Prelude
=>	is a witness for, implies	Type Classes and Overloading
.	dot (could be used anywhere, but especially in, for example, Data.Char.ord), ring, compose (for example, negate . (+1)), (silent) (for example, forall a. (Num a) => a)
<-	drawn from, from
-<	arrow application	Arrows syntax
&&&	both, fanout	Control.Arrow
|||	either, fanin	Control.Arrow
++	append	Prelude
>>=	bind	About monads, Monads as containers
>>	then, sequence	Prelude
<*>	applied over	Applicative Functors
<|>	or/alternative	[1]
\	lambda	Lambda abstraction, Haskell 98 Report
!	bang; strict (in patterns or data definitions); index (in expressions)	The GHC Users Guide has a section on Bang Patterns.
~	irrefutable, lazy (in patterns)
:	cons
[]	nil
()	unit
(,)	2-tuple, pair
(a,b,c)	[3-]tuple [of] a, b, and c
({)}	just as inconvenient to convey grouping verbally, whether it's layout or punctuation

Example	Pronunciation
f :: Int -> Int	f has type Int to Int

Thoughts on improving this page:

The tables above would be best split into more columns to distinguish Informal, possibly bad suggestions like "then", "is", "gets", from Formal correct ways of saying the same thing. The Symbols could also be named in a literal way in another column, such as "arrow" or "double-colon". The Description column can be quite brief and a link provided to the relevant wiki page for the operator.

Some words, particularly the informal ones, may be good for several different symbols, but these can hopefully be arranged so that their context will make them unambiguous when reading a code snippet.