Simple monad examples
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This page is designed to show some simple examples of using monads, specifically using Maybe.
I personally found that I reached monad-enlightenment once I contrived this simple example while playing around to see the "guts" of a monadic expression:
Just 5 >>= (\ x -> if (x == 0) then fail "zero" else Just (x + 1) )
Which results in:
Just 6
All you really need to know, is that the >>= operator either returns "Nothing" if it is passed "Nothing" on its left-hand side; or if its left-hand side is a "Just ..." it strips off the just, and passes the contents into the function supplied on its right-hand side. Simple!
Some simple exercises
What would the following snippets resolve to?
Just 0 >>= (\ x -> if (x == 0) then fail "zero" else Just (x + 1) )
Nothing >>= (\ x -> if (x == 0) then fail "zero" else Just (x + 1) )
More examples can be found in the reference guide A tour of the Haskell Monad functions, by Henk-Jan van Tuyl.