Difference between revisions of "Euler problems/111 to 120"
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− | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section= |
+ | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=111 Problem 111] == |
Search for 10-digit primes containing the maximum number of repeated digits. |
Search for 10-digit primes containing the maximum number of repeated digits. |
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</haskell> |
</haskell> |
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− | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section= |
+ | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=112 Problem 112] == |
Investigating the density of "bouncy" numbers. |
Investigating the density of "bouncy" numbers. |
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Solution: |
Solution: |
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<haskell> |
<haskell> |
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+ | import Data.List |
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− | isIncreasing' n p |
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− | | n == 0 = True |
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− | | p >= p1 = isIncreasing' (n `div` 10) p1 |
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− | | otherwise = False |
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− | where |
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− | p1 = n `mod` 10 |
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− | |||
− | isIncreasing :: Int -> Bool |
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− | isIncreasing n = isIncreasing' (n `div` 10) (n `mod` 10) |
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− | |||
− | isDecreasing' n p |
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− | | n == 0 = True |
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− | | p <= p1 = isDecreasing' (n `div` 10) p1 |
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− | | otherwise = False |
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− | where |
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− | p1 = n `mod` 10 |
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+ | isIncreasing x = show x == sort (show x) |
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− | isDecreasing :: Int -> Bool |
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− | isDecreasing |
+ | isDecreasing x = reverse (show x) == sort (show x) |
+ | isBouncy x = not (isIncreasing x) && not (isDecreasing x) |
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+ | findProportion prop = snd . head . filter condition . zip [1..] |
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− | isBouncy n = not (isIncreasing n) && not (isDecreasing n) |
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+ | where condition (a,b) = a >= prop * fromIntegral b |
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− | nnn=1500000 |
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− | num150 =length [x|x<-[1..nnn],isBouncy x] |
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− | p112 n nb |
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− | | fromIntegral nnb / fromIntegral n >= 0.99 = n |
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− | | otherwise = prob112' (n+1) nnb |
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− | where |
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− | nnb = if isBouncy n then nb + 1 else nb |
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− | problem_112= |
+ | problem_112 = findProportion 0.99 $ filter isBouncy [1..] |
</haskell> |
</haskell> |
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− | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section= |
+ | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=113 Problem 113] == |
How many numbers below a googol (10100) are not "bouncy"? |
How many numbers below a googol (10100) are not "bouncy"? |
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problem_113=sum[binomial (8+a) a+binomial (9+a) a-10|a<-[1..100]] |
problem_113=sum[binomial (8+a) a+binomial (9+a) a-10|a<-[1..100]] |
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</haskell> |
</haskell> |
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− | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section= |
+ | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=114 Problem 114] == |
Investigating the number of ways to fill a row with separated blocks that are at least three units long. |
Investigating the number of ways to fill a row with separated blocks that are at least three units long. |
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Line 104: | Line 84: | ||
</haskell> |
</haskell> |
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− | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section= |
+ | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=115 Problem 115] == |
Finding a generalisation for the number of ways to fill a row with separated blocks. |
Finding a generalisation for the number of ways to fill a row with separated blocks. |
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Line 115: | Line 95: | ||
</haskell> |
</haskell> |
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− | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section= |
+ | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=116 Problem 116] == |
Investigating the number of ways of replacing square tiles with one of three coloured tiles. |
Investigating the number of ways of replacing square tiles with one of three coloured tiles. |
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</haskell> |
</haskell> |
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− | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section= |
+ | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=117 Problem 117] == |
Investigating the number of ways of tiling a row using different-sized tiles. |
Investigating the number of ways of tiling a row using different-sized tiles. |
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</haskell> |
</haskell> |
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− | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section= |
+ | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=118 Problem 118] == |
Exploring the number of ways in which sets containing prime elements can be made. |
Exploring the number of ways in which sets containing prime elements can be made. |
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Solution: |
Solution: |
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<haskell> |
<haskell> |
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+ | digits = ['1'..'9'] |
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− | problem_118 = undefined |
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+ | |||
+ | -- possible partitions voor prime number sets |
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+ | -- leave out patitions with more than 4 1's |
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+ | -- because only {2,3,5,7,..} is possible |
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+ | -- and the [9]-partition because every permutation of all |
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+ | -- nine digits is divisable by 3 |
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+ | test xs |
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+ | |len>4=False |
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+ | |xs==[9]=False |
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+ | |otherwise=True |
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+ | where |
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+ | len=length $filter (==1) xs |
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+ | parts = filter test $partitions 9 |
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+ | permutationsOf [] = [[]] |
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+ | permutationsOf xs = [x:xs' | x <- xs, xs' <- permutationsOf (delete x xs)] |
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+ | combinationsOf 0 _ = [[]] |
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+ | combinationsOf _ [] = [] |
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+ | combinationsOf k (x:xs) = |
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+ | map (x:) (combinationsOf (k-1) xs) ++ combinationsOf k xs |
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+ | |||
+ | priemPerms [] = 0 |
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+ | priemPerms ds = |
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+ | fromIntegral . length . filter (isPrime . read) . permutationsOf $ ds |
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+ | setsums [] 0 = [[]] |
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+ | setsums [] _ = [] |
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+ | setsums (x:xs) n |
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+ | | x > n = setsums xs n |
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+ | | otherwise = map (x:) (setsums (x:xs) (n-x)) ++ setsums xs n |
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+ | |||
+ | partitions n = setsums (reverse [1..n]) n |
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+ | |||
+ | fc :: [Integer] -> [Char] -> Integer |
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+ | fc (p:[]) ds = priemPerms ds |
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+ | fc (p:ps) ds = |
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+ | sum [np y * fc ps (ds \\ y) | y <- combinationsOf p ds, np y /= 0] |
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+ | where |
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+ | np = priemPerms |
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+ | -- here is the 'imperfection' correction method: |
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+ | -- make use of duplicate reducing factors for partitions |
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+ | -- with repeating factors, f.i. [1,1,1,1,2,3]: |
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+ | -- in this case 4 1's -> factor = 4! |
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+ | -- or for [1,1,1,3,3] : factor = 3! * 2! |
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+ | dupF :: [Integer] -> Integer |
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+ | dupF = product . map (product . enumFromTo 1 . fromIntegral . length) . group |
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+ | |||
+ | main = do |
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+ | print . sum . map (\x -> fc x digits `div` dupF x) $ parts |
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+ | problem_118 = main |
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</haskell> |
</haskell> |
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− | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section= |
+ | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=119 Problem 119] == |
Investigating the numbers which are equal to sum of their digits raised to some power. |
Investigating the numbers which are equal to sum of their digits raised to some power. |
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</haskell> |
</haskell> |
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− | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section= |
+ | == [http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=120 Problem 120] == |
− | Finding the maximum remainder when (a − 1)n + (a + 1)n is divided by |
+ | Finding the maximum remainder when (a − 1)<sup>n</sup> + (a + 1)<sup>n</sup> is divided by a<sup>2</sup>. |
Solution: |
Solution: |
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<haskell> |
<haskell> |
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+ | fun m=div (m*(8*m^2-3*m-5)) 3 |
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− | import List |
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+ | problem_120 = fun 500 |
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− | primes :: [Integer] |
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+ | </haskell> |
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− | primes = 2 : filter ((==1) . length . primeFactors) [3,5..] |
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− | |||
− | primeFactors :: Integer -> [Integer] |
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− | primeFactors n = factor n primes |
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− | where |
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− | factor _ [] = [] |
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− | factor m (p:ps) | p*p > m = [m] |
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− | | m `mod` p == 0 = p : factor (m `div` p) (p:ps) |
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− | | otherwise = factor m ps |
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− | |||
− | isPrime :: Integer -> Bool |
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− | isPrime 1 = False |
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− | isPrime n = case (primeFactors n) of |
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− | (_:_:_) -> False |
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− | _ -> True |
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− | fun x |
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− | |even x=x*(x-2) |
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− | |not$null$funb x=head$funb x |
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− | |odd e=x*(x-1) |
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− | |otherwise=2*x*(e-1) |
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− | where |
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− | e=div x 2 |
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− | funb x=take 1 [nn*x| |
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− | a<-[1,3..x], |
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− | let n=div (x-1) 2, |
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− | let p=x*a+n, |
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− | isPrime p, |
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− | let nn=mod (2*(x*a+n)) x |
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− | ] |
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+ | I have no idea what the above solution has to do with this |
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− | problem_120 = sum [fun a|a<-[3..1000]] |
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+ | problem, even though it produces the correct answer. I suspect |
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+ | it is some kind of red herring. Below you will find a more holy |
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+ | mackerel approach, based on the observation that: |
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+ | |||
+ | 1. (a-1)<sup>n</sup> + (a+1)<sup>n</sup> = 2 if n is odd, and 2an if n is even (mod a<sup>2</sup>) |
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+ | |||
+ | 2. the maximum of 2an mod a<sup>2</sup> occurs when n = (a-1)/2 |
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+ | |||
+ | I hope this is a little more transparent than the solution |
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+ | proposed above. Henrylaxen Mar 5, 2008 |
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+ | |||
+ | <haskell> |
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+ | maxRemainder n = 2 * n * ((n-1) `div` 2) |
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+ | problem_120 = sum $ map maxRemainder [3..1000] |
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</haskell> |
</haskell> |
Latest revision as of 08:07, 23 February 2010
Problem 111
Search for 10-digit primes containing the maximum number of repeated digits.
Solution:
import Control.Monad (replicateM)
-- All ways of interspersing n copies of x into a list
intr :: Int -> a -> [a] -> [[a]]
intr 0 _ y = [y]
intr n x (y:ys) = concat
[map ((replicate i x ++) . (y :)) $ intr (n-i) x ys
| i <- [0..n]]
intr n x _ = [replicate n x]
-- All 10-digit primes containing the maximal number of the digit d
maxDigits :: Char -> [Integer]
maxDigits d = head $ dropWhile null
[filter isPrime $ map read $ filter ((/='0') . head) $
concatMap (intr (10-n) d) $
replicateM n $ delete d "0123456789"
| n <- [1..9]]
problem_111 = sum $ concatMap maxDigits "0123456789"
Problem 112
Investigating the density of "bouncy" numbers.
Solution:
import Data.List
isIncreasing x = show x == sort (show x)
isDecreasing x = reverse (show x) == sort (show x)
isBouncy x = not (isIncreasing x) && not (isDecreasing x)
findProportion prop = snd . head . filter condition . zip [1..]
where condition (a,b) = a >= prop * fromIntegral b
problem_112 = findProportion 0.99 $ filter isBouncy [1..]
Problem 113
How many numbers below a googol (10100) are not "bouncy"?
Solution:
import Array
mkArray b f = listArray b $ map f (range b)
digits = 100
inc = mkArray ((1, 0), (digits, 9)) ninc
dec = mkArray ((1, 0), (digits, 9)) ndec
ninc (1, _) = 1
ninc (l, d) = sum [inc ! (l-1, i) | i <- [d..9]]
ndec (1, _) = 1
ndec (l, d) = sum [dec ! (l-1, i) | i <- [0..d]]
problem_113 = sum [inc ! i | i <- range ((digits, 0), (digits, 9))]
+ sum [dec ! i | i <- range ((1, 1), (digits, 9))]
- digits*9 -- numbers like 11111 are counted in both inc and dec
- 1 -- 0 is included in the increasing numbers
Note: inc and dec contain the same data, but it seems clearer to duplicate them.
it is another way to solution this problem:
binomial x y =div (prodxy (y+1) x) (prodxy 1 (x-y))
prodxy x y=product[x..y]
problem_113=sum[binomial (8+a) a+binomial (9+a) a-10|a<-[1..100]]
Problem 114
Investigating the number of ways to fill a row with separated blocks that are at least three units long.
Solution:
-- fun in p115
problem_114=fun 3 50
Problem 115
Finding a generalisation for the number of ways to fill a row with separated blocks.
Solution:
binomial x y =div (prodxy (y+1) x) (prodxy 1 (x-y))
prodxy x y=product[x..y]
fun m n=sum[binomial (k+a) (k-a)|a<-[0..div (n+1) (m+1)],let k=1-a*m+n]
problem_115 = (+1)$length$takeWhile (<10^6) [fun 50 i|i<-[1..]]
Problem 116
Investigating the number of ways of replacing square tiles with one of three coloured tiles.
Solution:
binomial x y =div (prodxy (y+1) x) (prodxy 1 (x-y))
prodxy x y=product[x..y]
f116 n x=sum[binomial (a+b) a|a<-[1..div n x],let b=n-a*x]
p116 x=sum[f116 x a|a<-[2..4]]
problem_116 = p116 50
Problem 117
Investigating the number of ways of tiling a row using different-sized tiles.
Solution:
fibs5 = 0 : 0 :1: 1:zipWith4 (\a b c d->a+b+c+d) fibs5 a1 a2 a3
where
a1=tail fibs5
a2=tail a1
a3=tail a2
p117 x=fibs5!!(x+2)
problem_117 = p117 50
Problem 118
Exploring the number of ways in which sets containing prime elements can be made.
Solution:
digits = ['1'..'9']
-- possible partitions voor prime number sets
-- leave out patitions with more than 4 1's
-- because only {2,3,5,7,..} is possible
-- and the [9]-partition because every permutation of all
-- nine digits is divisable by 3
test xs
|len>4=False
|xs==[9]=False
|otherwise=True
where
len=length $filter (==1) xs
parts = filter test $partitions 9
permutationsOf [] = [[]]
permutationsOf xs = [x:xs' | x <- xs, xs' <- permutationsOf (delete x xs)]
combinationsOf 0 _ = [[]]
combinationsOf _ [] = []
combinationsOf k (x:xs) =
map (x:) (combinationsOf (k-1) xs) ++ combinationsOf k xs
priemPerms [] = 0
priemPerms ds =
fromIntegral . length . filter (isPrime . read) . permutationsOf $ ds
setsums [] 0 = [[]]
setsums [] _ = []
setsums (x:xs) n
| x > n = setsums xs n
| otherwise = map (x:) (setsums (x:xs) (n-x)) ++ setsums xs n
partitions n = setsums (reverse [1..n]) n
fc :: [Integer] -> [Char] -> Integer
fc (p:[]) ds = priemPerms ds
fc (p:ps) ds =
sum [np y * fc ps (ds \\ y) | y <- combinationsOf p ds, np y /= 0]
where
np = priemPerms
-- here is the 'imperfection' correction method:
-- make use of duplicate reducing factors for partitions
-- with repeating factors, f.i. [1,1,1,1,2,3]:
-- in this case 4 1's -> factor = 4!
-- or for [1,1,1,3,3] : factor = 3! * 2!
dupF :: [Integer] -> Integer
dupF = product . map (product . enumFromTo 1 . fromIntegral . length) . group
main = do
print . sum . map (\x -> fc x digits `div` dupF x) $ parts
problem_118 = main
Problem 119
Investigating the numbers which are equal to sum of their digits raised to some power.
Solution:
import Data.List
digits n
{- 123->[3,2,1]
-}
|n<10=[n]
|otherwise= y:digits x
where
(x,y)=divMod n 10
problem_119 =sort [(a^b)|
a<-[2..200],
b<-[2..9],
let m=a^b,
let n=sum$digits m,
n==a]!!29
Problem 120
Finding the maximum remainder when (a − 1)n + (a + 1)n is divided by a2.
Solution:
fun m=div (m*(8*m^2-3*m-5)) 3
problem_120 = fun 500
I have no idea what the above solution has to do with this
problem, even though it produces the correct answer. I suspect
it is some kind of red herring. Below you will find a more holy
mackerel approach, based on the observation that:
1. (a-1)n + (a+1)n = 2 if n is odd, and 2an if n is even (mod a2)
2. the maximum of 2an mod a2 occurs when n = (a-1)/2
I hope this is a little more transparent than the solution proposed above. Henrylaxen Mar 5, 2008
maxRemainder n = 2 * n * ((n-1) `div` 2)
problem_120 = sum $ map maxRemainder [3..1000]