Difference between revisions of "Euler problems/81 to 90"
(→[http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=84 Problem 84]: rm c code - probable copyvio) |
(→[http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=87 Problem 87]: restore simpler solution) |
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Line 257: | Line 257: | ||
Solution: |
Solution: |
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<haskell> |
<haskell> |
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+ | import List |
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− | diag ((a:as):bss) = a:merge as (diag bss) |
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− | map2 f as bs = [map (f a) bs | a<-as] |
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+ | problem_87 = length expressible |
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− | ordsums as bs = diag $ map2 (+) as bs |
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+ | where limit = 50000000 |
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− | sums = foldr1 ordsums $ map2 (flip (^)) [4,3,2] primes |
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+ | squares = takeWhile (<limit) (map (^2) primes) |
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− | |||
− | + | cubes = takeWhile (<limit) (map (^3) primes) |
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+ | fourths = takeWhile (<limit) (map (^4) primes) |
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− | merge xs@(x:xt) ys@(y:yt) = case compare x y of |
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+ | choices = [[s,c,f] | s <- squares, c <- cubes, f <- fourths] |
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− | LT -> x : (merge xt ys) |
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+ | unique = map head . group . sort |
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− | EQ -> x : (merge xt yt) |
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+ | expressible = filter (<limit) . unique . map sum $ choices |
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− | GT -> y : (merge xs yt) |
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− | |||
− | diff xs@(x:xt) ys@(y:yt) = case compare x y of |
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− | LT -> x : (diff xt ys) |
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− | EQ -> diff xt yt |
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− | GT -> diff xs yt |
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− | |||
− | primes, nonprimes :: [Int] |
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− | primes = [2,3,5] ++ (diff [7,9..] nonprimes) |
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− | nonprimes = foldr1 f . map g $ tail primes |
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− | where f (x:xt) ys = x : (merge xt ys) |
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− | g p = [ n*p | n <- [p,p+2..]] |
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</haskell> |
</haskell> |
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Revision as of 19:07, 25 February 2008
Problem 81
Find the minimal path sum from the top left to the bottom right by moving right and down.
Solution:
import Data.List (unfoldr)
columns s =
unfoldr f s
where
f [] = Nothing
f xs = Just $ (\(a,b) -> (read a, drop 1 b)) $ break (==',') xs
firstLine ls = scanl1 (+) ls
nextLine pl [] = pl
nextLine pl (n:nl) =
nextLine p' nl
where
p' = nextCell (head pl) pl n
nextCell _ [] [] = []
nextCell pc (p:pl) (n:nl) =
pc' : nextCell pc' pl nl
where pc' = n + min p pc
minSum (p:nl) =
last $ nextLine p' nl
where
p' = firstLine p
problem_81 c = minSum $ map columns $ lines c
main=do
f<-readFile "matrix.txt"
print$problem_81 f
Problem 82
Find the minimal path sum from the left column to the right column.
Solution:
import Data.List
import qualified Data.Map as M
import Data.Array
minPathSum xs t=
stepPath M.empty $ M.singleton t $ arr ! t
where
len = genericLength $ head xs
ys = concat $ transpose xs
arr = listArray ((1, 1), (len, len)) ys
nil = ((0,0),0)
stepPath ds as
|fs2 p1==len =snd p1
|fs2 p2==len =snd p2
|fs2 p3==len =snd p3
|otherwise=stepPath ds' as3
where
fs2=fst.fst
((i, j), cost) =
minimumBy (\(_,a) (_,b) -> compare a b) $ M.assocs as
tas = M.delete (i,j) as
(p1, as1) = if i == len then (nil, tas) else check (i+1, j) tas
(p2, as2) = if j == len then (nil, as1) else check (i, j+1) as1
(p3, as3) = if j == 1 then (nil, as2) else check (i, j-1) as2
check pos zs =
if pos `M.member` tas || pos `M.member` ds
then (nil, zs)
else (entry, uncurry M.insert entry $ zs)
where
entry = (pos, cost + arr ! pos)
ds' = M.insert (i, j) cost ds
main=do
let parse = map (read . ("["++) . (++"]")) . words
a<-readFile "matrix.txt"
let s=parse a
let m=minimum[p|a<-[1..80],let p=minPathSum s (1,a)]
appendFile "p82.log"$show m
problem_82 = main
Problem 83
Find the minimal path sum from the top left to the bottom right by moving left, right, up, and down.
Solution:
A very verbose solution based on the Dijkstra algorithm. Infinity could be represented by any large value instead of the data type Distance. Also, some equality and ordering tests are not really correct. To be semantically correct, I think infinity == infinity should not be True and infinity > infinity should fail. But for this script's purpose it works like this.
import Array (Array, listArray, bounds, inRange, assocs, (!))
import qualified Data.Map as M
(fromList, Map, foldWithKey,
lookup, null, delete, insert, empty, update)
import Data.List (unfoldr)
import Control.Monad.State (State, execState, get, put)
import Data.Maybe (fromJust, fromMaybe)
type Weight = Integer
data Distance = D Weight | Infinity
deriving (Show)
instance Eq Distance where
(==) Infinity Infinity = True
(==) (D a) (D b) = a == b
(==) _ _ = False
instance Ord Distance where
compare Infinity Infinity = EQ
compare Infinity (D _) = GT
compare (D _) Infinity = LT
compare (D a) (D b) = compare a b
data (Eq n, Num w) => Arc n w = A {node :: n, weight :: w}
deriving (Show)
type Index = (Int, Int)
type NodeMap = M.Map Index Distance
type Matrix = Array Index Weight
type Path = Arc Index Weight
type PathMap = M.Map Index [Path]
data Queues = Q {input :: NodeMap, output :: NodeMap, pathMap :: PathMap}
deriving (Show)
listToMatrix :: [[Weight]] -> Matrix
listToMatrix xs = listArray ((1,1),(cols,rows)) $ concat $ xs
where
cols = length $ head xs
rows = length xs
directions :: [Index]
directions = [(0,-1), (0,1), (-1,0), (1,0)]
add :: (Num a) => (a, a) -> (a, a) -> (a, a)
add (a,b) (a', b') = (a+a',b+b')
arcs :: Matrix -> Index -> [Path]
arcs a idx = do
d <- directions
let n = add idx d
if (inRange (bounds a) n) then
return $ A n (a ! n)
else
fail "out of bounds"
paths :: Matrix -> PathMap
paths a = M.fromList $ map (\(idx,_) -> (idx, arcs a idx)) $ assocs a
nodes :: Matrix -> NodeMap
nodes a =
M.fromList $ (\((i,_):xs) -> (i, D (a ! (1,1))):xs) $
map (\(idx,_) -> (idx, Infinity)) $ assocs a
extractMin :: NodeMap -> (NodeMap, (Index, Distance))
extractMin m = (M.delete (fst minNode) m, minNode)
where
minNode = M.foldWithKey mini ((0,0), Infinity) m
mini i' v' (i,v)
| v' < v = (i', v')
| otherwise = (i,v)
dijkstra :: State Queues ()
dijkstra = do
Q i o am <- get
let (i', n) = extractMin i
let o' = M.insert (fst n) (snd n) o
let i'' = updateNodes n am i'
put $ Q i'' o' am
if M.null i'' then return () else dijkstra
updateNodes :: (Index, Distance) -> PathMap -> NodeMap -> NodeMap
updateNodes (i, D d) am nm = foldr f nm ds
where
ds = fromJust $ M.lookup i am
f :: Path -> NodeMap -> NodeMap
f (A i' w) m = fromMaybe m val
where
val = do
v <- M.lookup i' m
if (D $ d+w) < v then
return $ M.update (const $ Just $ D (d+w)) i' m
else return m
shortestPaths :: Matrix -> NodeMap
shortestPaths xs = output $ dijkstra `execState` (Q n M.empty a)
where
n = nodes xs
a = paths xs
problem_83 :: [[Weight]] -> Weight
problem_83 xs = jd $ M.lookup idx $ shortestPaths matrix
where
matrix = listToMatrix xs
idx = snd $ bounds matrix
jd (Just (D d)) = d
main=do
f<-readFile "matrix.txt"
let m=map sToInt $lines f
print $problem_83 m
split :: Char -> String -> [String]
split = unfoldr . split'
split' :: Char -> String -> Maybe (String, String)
split' c l
| null l = Nothing
| otherwise = Just (h, drop 1 t)
where (h, t) = span (/=c) l
sToInt x=map ((+0).read) $split ',' x
Problem 84
In the game, Monopoly, find the three most popular squares when using two 4-sided dice.
Problem 85
Investigating the number of rectangles in a rectangular grid.
Solution:
import List
problem_85 = snd$head$sort
[(k,a*b)|
a<-[1..100],
b<-[1..100],
let k=abs (a*(a+1)*(b+1)*b-8000000)
]
Problem 86
Exploring the shortest path from one corner of a cuboid to another.
Solution:
import Data.List
isSquare x =
(truncate $ sqrt $ fromIntegral x)^2 == x
cube m =
sum [ (a`div`2) - if a > m then (a - m -1) else 0|
a <- [1..2*m],
isSquare ((a)^2 + m2)
]
where
m2 = m * m
problem_86 =
findIndex (>1000000) (scanl (+) 0 (map cube [1..]))
Problem 87
Investigating numbers that can be expressed as the sum of a prime square, cube, and fourth power?
Solution:
import List
problem_87 = length expressible
where limit = 50000000
squares = takeWhile (<limit) (map (^2) primes)
cubes = takeWhile (<limit) (map (^3) primes)
fourths = takeWhile (<limit) (map (^4) primes)
choices = [[s,c,f] | s <- squares, c <- cubes, f <- fourths]
unique = map head . group . sort
expressible = filter (<limit) . unique . map sum $ choices
Problem 88
Exploring minimal product-sum numbers for sets of different sizes.
Solution:
import Data.List
import qualified Data.Set as S
import qualified Data.Map as M
primes = 2 : filter ((==1) . length . primeFactors) [3,5..]
primeFactors n = factors n primes
where factors n (p:ps) | p*p > n = [n]
| n `mod` p == 0 = p : factors (n `div` p) (p:ps)
| otherwise = factors n ps
isPrime n | n > 1 = (==1) . length . primeFactors $ n
| otherwise = False
facts = concat . takeWhile valid . iterate facts' . (:[])
where valid xs = length (head xs) > 1
facts' = nub' . concatMap factsnext
nub' = S.toList . S.fromList
factsnext xs =
let factsnext' [] = []
factsnext' (y:ys) = map (form y) ys ++ factsnext' ys
form a b = a*b : (delete b . delete a $ xs)
in map sort . factsnext' $ xs
problem_88 = sum' . extract . scanl addks M.empty . filter (not . isPrime) $ [2..]
where extract = head . dropWhile (\nm -> M.size nm < 11999)
sum' = S.fold (+) 0 . S.fromList . M.elems
addks nm n = foldl (addk n) nm . facts . primeFactors $ n
addk n nm ps =
let k = length ps + n - sum ps
kGood = k > 1 && k < 12001 && k `M.notMember` nm
in if kGood then M.insert k n nm else nm
Problem 89
Develop a method to express Roman numerals in minimal form.
Solution:
replace ([], _) zs = zs
replace _ [] = []
replace (xs, ys) zzs@(z:zs)
| xs == lns = ys ++ rns
| otherwise = z : replace (xs, ys) zs
where
(lns, rns) = splitAt (length xs) zzs
problem_89 =
print . difference . words =<< readFile "roman.txt"
where
difference xs = sum (map length xs) - sum (map (length . reduce) xs)
reduce xs = foldl (flip replace) xs [("DCCCC","CM"), ("CCCC","CD"),
("LXXXX","XC"), ("XXXX","XL"),
("VIIII","IX"), ("IIII","IV")]
Problem 90
An unexpected way of using two cubes to make a square.
Solution:
Basic brute force: generate all possible die combinations and check each one to see if we can make all the necessary squares. Runs very fast even for brute force.
-- all lists consisting of n elements from the given list
choose 0 _ = [[]]
choose _ [] = []
choose n (x:xs) =
( map ( x : ) ( choose ( n - 1 ) xs ) ) ++ ( choose n xs )
-- cross product helper function
cross f xs ys = [ f x y | x <- xs, y <- ys ]
-- all dice combinations
-- substitute 'k' for both '6' and '9' to make comparisons easier
dice = cross (,) ( choose 6 "012345k78k" ) ( choose 6 "012345k78k" )
-- can we make all square numbers from the two dice
-- again, substitute 'k' for '6' and '9'
makeSquares dice =
all ( makeSquare dice ) [ "01", "04", "0k", "1k", "25", "3k", "4k", "k4", "81" ]
-- can we make this square from the two dice
makeSquare ( xs, ys ) [ d1, d2 ] =
( ( ( d1 `elem` xs ) && ( d2 `elem` ys ) ) || ( ( d2 `elem` xs ) && ( d1 `elem` ys ) ) )
problem_90 =
( `div` 2 ) . -- because each die combinations will appear twice
length .
filter makeSquares
$ dice