Euler problems/51 to 60
Problem 51
Find the smallest prime which, by changing the same part of the number, can form eight different primes.
Solution:
problem_51 = undefined
Problem 52
Find the smallest positive integer, x, such that 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, and 6x, contain the same digits in some order.
Solution:
problem_52 = head [n | n <- [1..],
digits (2*n) == digits (3*n),
digits (3*n) == digits (4*n),
digits (4*n) == digits (5*n),
digits (5*n) == digits (6*n)]
where digits = sort . show
Problem 53
How many values of C(n,r), for 1 ≤ n ≤ 100, exceed one-million?
Solution:
problem_53 = length [n | n <- [1..100], r <- [1..n], n `choose` r > 10^6]
where n `choose` r
| r > n || r < 0 = 0
| otherwise = foldl (\z j -> z*(n-j+1) `div` j) n [2..r]
Problem 54
How many hands did player one win in the poker games?
Solution:
probably not the most straight forward way to do it.
import Data.List (sort, sortBy, tails, lookup, groupBy)
import Data.Maybe (fromJust)
data Hand = HighCard | OnePair | TwoPairs | ThreeOfKind | Straight | Flush | FullHouse | FourOfKind | StraightFlush
deriving (Show, Read, Enum, Eq, Ord)
values :: [(Char, Int)]
values = zip ['2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','T','J','Q','K','A'] [1..]
value :: String -> Int
value (c:cs) = fromJust $ lookup c values
suites :: [[Char]]
suites = map sort $ take 9 $ map (take 5) $ tails cards
cards :: [Char]
cards = ['2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','T','J','Q','K','A']
flush :: [String] -> Bool
flush = a . extractSuit
where
a (x:y:xs) = x == y && a (y:xs)
a _ = True
extractSuit = map s
where
s (_:y:ys) = y
straight :: [String] -> Bool
straight = a . extractValues
where
a xs = any (==(sort xs)) suites
extractValues = map v
where
v (x:xs) = x
groupByKind :: [String] -> [[String]]
groupByKind = sortBy l . groupBy g . sortBy s
where
s (a) (b) = compare (value b) (value a)
g (a:_) (b:_) = a == b
l a b = compare (length b) (length a)
guessHand :: [String] -> Hand
guessHand cards
| straight cards && flush cards = StraightFlush
| length g1 == 4 = FourOfKind
| length g1 == 3 && length g2 == 2 = FullHouse
| flush cards = Flush
| straight cards = Straight
| length g1 == 3 = ThreeOfKind
| length g1 == 2 && length g2 == 2 = TwoPairs
| length g1 == 2 = OnePair
| otherwise = HighCard
where
g = groupByKind cards
g1 = head g
g2 = head $ tail g
playerOneScore :: ([String], [String]) -> Int
playerOneScore (p1, p2)
| a == b = compare p1 p2
| a > b = 1
| otherwise = 0
where
a = guessHand p1
b = guessHand p2
compare p1 p2 = if ((map value $ concat $ groupByKind p1) > (map value $ concat $ groupByKind p2)) then 1 else 0
problem_54 :: String -> Int
problem_54 = sum . map (\x -> playerOneScore $ splitAt 5 $ words x) . lines
Problem 55
How many Lychrel numbers are there below ten-thousand?
Solution:
problem_55 = length $ filter isLychrel [1..9999]
where isLychrel n = all notPalindrome (take 50 (tail (iterate revadd n)))
notPalindrome s = (show s) /= reverse (show s)
revadd n = n + rev n
where rev n = read (reverse (show n))
Problem 56
Considering natural numbers of the form, ab, finding the maximum digital sum.
Solution:
problem_56 = maximum [dsum (a^b) | a <- [1..99], b <-[1..99]]
where dsum 0 = 0
dsum n = let ( d, m ) = n `divMod` 10 in m + ( dsum d )
Problem 57
Investigate the expansion of the continued fraction for the square root of two.
Solution:
problem_57 = length $ filter topHeavy $ take 1000 convergents
where topHeavy r = numDigits (numerator r) > numDigits (denominator r)
numDigits = length . show
convergents = iterate next (3%2)
next r = 1 + 1/(1+r)
Problem 58
Investigate the number of primes that lie on the diagonals of the spiral grid.
Solution:
base :: (Integral a) => [a]
base = base' 2
where
base' n = n:n:n:n:(base' $ n + 2)
pascal = scanl (+) 1 base
ratios :: [Integer] -> [Double]
ratios (x:xs) = 1.0 : ratios' 0 1 xs
where
ratios' n d (w:x:y:z:xs) = ((fromInteger num)/(fromInteger den)) : (ratios' num den xs)
where
num = (p w + p x + p y + p z + n)
den = (d + 4)
p n = case isPrime n of
True -> 1
False -> 0
problem_58 = fst $ head $ dropWhile (\(_,a) -> a > 0.1) $ zip [1,3..] (ratios pascal)
Problem 59
Using a brute force attack, can you decrypt the cipher using XOR encryption?
Solution:
import Data.Bits (xor)
import Data.Char (toUpper, ord, chr)
import Data.List (sortBy)
common :: [String]
common = ["THE","OF","TO","AND","YOU","THAT","WAS","FOR","WORD"]
keys :: [[Int]]
keys = [a:b:c:[]| a <- [ord 'a' .. ord 'z'], b <- [ord 'a' .. ord 'z'], c <- [ord 'a' .. ord 'z']]
brute :: [Int] -> [Int] -> ([Int], Int)
brute text key = (key, score)
where
score = sum $ map (\x -> if (any (==x) common) then 1 else 0) (words $ map toUpper $ decrypt key text)
decrypt :: [Int] -> [Int] -> String
decrypt key text = [chr (t `xor` k)|(t,k) <- zip text (cycle key)]
problem_59 :: String -> Int
problem_59 text = sum $ map ord $ decrypt bestKey b
where
b = map read $ words $ map (\x -> if x == ',' then ' ' else x) text
bestKey = fst $ head $ sortBy (\(_,s1) (_,s2) -> compare s2 s1) $ map (brute b) $ keys
Problem 60
Find a set of five primes for which any two primes concatenate to produce another prime.
Solution:
Breaks the 60 secs rule. This program finds the solution in 185 sec on my Dell D620 Laptop.
import Data.List
import Data.Maybe
primes :: [Integer]
primes = 2 : filter (l1 . primeFactors) [3,5..]
where
l1 (_:[]) = True
l1 _ = False
primeFactors :: Integer -> [Integer]
primeFactors n = factor n primes
where
factor _ [] = []
factor m (p:ps) | p*p > m = [m]
| m `mod` p == 0 = p : factor (m `div` p) (p:ps)
| otherwise = factor m ps
isPrime :: Integer -> Bool
isPrime 1 = False
isPrime n = case (primeFactors n) of
(_:[]) -> True
_ -> False
combine :: (Show a, Ord a) => [[a]] -> [[a]]
combine ls = combine' [] ls
where
combine' seen (x:xs) = mapMaybe m seen ++ combine' (seen ++ [x]) xs
where
c y = group $ sort $ y ++ x
d y = map head $ filter l1 $ c y
h y = map head $ c y
t (x:y:[]) = test x y
t _ = False
l1 (x:[]) = True
l1 _ = False
m y
| t $ d y = Just $ h y
| otherwise = Nothing
test a b
| isPrime c1 && isPrime c2 = True
| otherwise = False
where
c1 = read $ (show a) ++ (show b)
c2 = read $ (show b) ++ (show a)
problem_60 :: Integer
problem_60 = sum $ head $ nub $ combine $ nub $ combine $ nub $ combine $ combine [[x]| x <- primes]