Euler problems/81 to 90
Problem 81
Find the minimal path sum from the top left to the bottom right by moving right and down.
Solution:
import Data.List (unfoldr)
columns s = unfoldr f s
where
f [] = Nothing
f xs = Just $ (\(a,b) -> (read a, drop 1 b)) $ break (==',') xs
firstLine ls = scanl1 (+) ls
nextLine pl [] = pl
nextLine pl (n:nl) = nextLine p' nl
where
p' = nextCell (head pl) pl n
nextCell _ [] [] = []
nextCell pc (p:pl) (n:nl) = pc' : nextCell pc' pl nl
where pc' = n + min p pc
minSum (p:nl) = last $ nextLine p' nl
where
p' = firstLine p
problem_81 c = minSum $ map columns $ lines c
Problem 82
Find the minimal path sum from the left column to the right column.
Solution:
problem_82 = undefined
Problem 83
Find the minimal path sum from the top left to the bottom right by moving left, right, up, and down.
Solution:
A very verbose solution based on the Dijkstra algorithm. Infinity could be represented by any large value instead of the data type Distance. Also, some equality and ordering tests are not really correct. To be semantically correct, I think infinity == infinity should not be True and infinity > infinity should fail. But for this script's purpose it works like this.
import Array (Array, listArray, bounds, inRange, assocs, (!))
import qualified Data.Map as M (fromList, Map, foldWithKey, lookup, null, delete, insert, empty, update)
import Data.List (unfoldr)
import Control.Monad.State (State, execState, get, put)
import Data.Maybe (fromJust, fromMaybe)
type Weight = Integer
data Distance = D Weight | Infinity
deriving (Show)
instance Eq Distance where
(==) Infinity Infinity = True
(==) (D a) (D b) = a == b
(==) _ _ = False
instance Ord Distance where
compare Infinity Infinity = EQ
compare Infinity (D _) = GT
compare (D _) Infinity = LT
compare (D a) (D b) = compare a b
data (Eq n, Num w) => Arc n w = A {node :: n, weight :: w}
deriving (Show)
type Index = (Int, Int)
type NodeMap = M.Map Index Distance
type Matrix = Array Index Weight
type Path = Arc Index Weight
type PathMap = M.Map Index [Path]
data Queues = Q {input :: NodeMap, output :: NodeMap, pathMap :: PathMap}
deriving (Show)
listToMatrix :: [[Weight]] -> Matrix
listToMatrix xs = listArray ((1,1),(cols,rows)) $ concat $ xs
where
cols = length $ head xs
rows = length xs
directions :: [Index]
directions = [(0,-1), (0,1), (-1,0), (1,0)]
add :: (Num a) => (a, a) -> (a, a) -> (a, a)
add (a,b) (a', b') = (a+a',b+b')
arcs :: Matrix -> Index -> [Path]
arcs a idx = do
d <- directions
let n = add idx d
if (inRange (bounds a) n) then
return $ A n (a ! n)
else
fail "out of bounds"
paths :: Matrix -> PathMap
paths a = M.fromList $ map (\(idx,_) -> (idx, arcs a idx)) $ assocs a
nodes :: Matrix -> NodeMap
nodes a = M.fromList $ (\((i,_):xs) -> (i, D (a ! (1,1))):xs) $ map (\(idx,_) -> (idx, Infinity)) $ assocs a
extractMin :: NodeMap -> (NodeMap, (Index, Distance))
extractMin m = (M.delete (fst minNode) m, minNode)
where
minNode = M.foldWithKey mini ((0,0), Infinity) m
mini i' v' (i,v)
| v' < v = (i', v')
| otherwise = (i,v)
dijkstra :: State Queues ()
dijkstra = do
Q i o am <- get
let (i', n) = extractMin i
let o' = M.insert (fst n) (snd n) o
let i'' = updateNodes n am i'
put $ Q i'' o' am
if M.null i'' then return () else dijkstra
updateNodes :: (Index, Distance) -> PathMap -> NodeMap -> NodeMap
updateNodes (i, D d) am nm = foldr f nm ds
where
ds = fromJust $ M.lookup i am
f :: Path -> NodeMap -> NodeMap
f (A i' w) m = fromMaybe m val
where
val = do
v <- M.lookup i' m
if (D $ d+w) < v then
return $ M.update (const $ Just $ D (d+w)) i' m
else return m
shortestPaths :: Matrix -> NodeMap
shortestPaths xs = output $ dijkstra `execState` (Q n M.empty a)
where
n = nodes xs
a = paths xs
problem_83 :: [[Weight]] -> Weight
problem_83 xs = jd $ M.lookup idx $ shortestPaths matrix
where
matrix = listToMatrix xs
idx = snd $ bounds matrix
jd (Just (D d)) = d
Problem 84
In the game, Monopoly, find the three most popular squares when using two 4-sided dice.
Solution:
problem_84 = undefined
Problem 85
Investigating the number of rectangles in a rectangular grid.
Solution:
problem_85 = undefined
Problem 86
Exploring the shortest path from one corner of a cuboid to another.
Solution:
problem_86 = undefined
Problem 87
Investigating numbers that can be expressed as the sum of a prime square, cube, and fourth power?
Solution:
import List
problem_87 = length expressible
where limit = 50000000
squares = takeWhile (<limit) (map (^2) primes)
cubes = takeWhile (<limit) (map (^3) primes)
fourths = takeWhile (<limit) (map (^4) primes)
choices = [[s,c,f] | s <- squares, c <- cubes, f <- fourths]
unique = map head . group . sort
expressible = filter (<limit) . unique . map sum $ choices
Problem 88
Exploring minimal product-sum numbers for sets of different sizes.
Solution:
problem_88 = undefined
Problem 89
Develop a method to express Roman numerals in minimal form.
Solution:
problem_89 = undefined
Problem 90
An unexpected way of using two cubes to make a square.
Solution:
problem_90 = undefined