Difference between revisions of "Web/Literature/Static linking"

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[[Category:Web|*]]
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{{Web infobox}}
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{{Template:Stub}}
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'''This article is out of date, it refers to GHC 6.8 and Database.SQLite. Please someone update it with a more recent example, if necessary.'''
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== Deploying statically linked applications ==
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  +
Linking your applications statically by giving the flags <tt>-static
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-optl-static</tt> to GHC will avoid problems with missing libraries on
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the web server.
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For example, this simple program,
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<haskell>
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import Database.SQLite
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main = print "hey, test this"
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</haskell>
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when compiled as $ ghc A.hs --make is dynamically linked against:
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<haskell>
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$ ldd A
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A:
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Start End Type Open Ref GrpRef Name
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0000000000000000 0000000000000000 exe 1 0 0 A
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0000000041a85000 0000000041ee5000 rlib 0 1 0 /usr/local/lib/libsqlite3.so.9.0
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0000000049b04000 0000000049f1d000 rlib 0 1 0 /usr/lib/libm.so.2.3
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0000000042213000 000000004264f000 rlib 0 1 0 /usr/local/lib/libgmp.so.7.0
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0000000047d0e000 00000000481e0000 rlib 0 1 0 /usr/lib/libc.so.42.0
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0000000047900000 0000000047900000 rtld 0 1 0 /usr/libexec/ld.so
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</haskell>
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Now, we can just pass some linker flags through to statically link this lot,
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<haskell>
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$ ghc A.hs --make -optl-static -no-recomp
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$ ldd A
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ldd: A: not a dynamic executable
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$ file A
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A: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, AMD64, version 1, for OpenBSD, statically linked, not stripped
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</haskell>
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You could also use the [[Haskell Web Server]].
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'''Caveats:'''
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* The <tt>-static</tt> flag in GHC 6.8.2 does not link the libraries in the correct order, resulting in a link failure (which you can hack around if you have to by shuffling <tt>-lpthread</tt> after <tt>-lrt</tt> in the gargantuan linker invocation). This problem should disappear with GHC 6.8.3.
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* Sometimes you will need to add <tt>extra-libraries</tt> fields to various libraries' <tt>.cabal</tt> files. This manifests as missing symbols. Note that many linkers are sensitive to the order of the <tt>-l</tt> arguments, so the order of libraries in this field matters.

Revision as of 15:18, 6 February 2021

Haskell Web Development

Software:
Servers - Libraries - Frameworks
Deploy - Cloud
Interfaces to frameworks
Databases and Persistence
Testing and Verification
Content Management

Community & Research:
Forums and Discussion
Literature (research, talks and blogs)
Existing Haskell web applications
Ongoing projects and ideas

This article is a stub. You can help by expanding it.

This article is out of date, it refers to GHC 6.8 and Database.SQLite. Please someone update it with a more recent example, if necessary.

Deploying statically linked applications

Linking your applications statically by giving the flags -static -optl-static to GHC will avoid problems with missing libraries on the web server.

For example, this simple program, 

    import Database.SQLite
    main = print "hey, test this"

when compiled as $ ghc A.hs --make is dynamically linked against: 

    $ ldd A
    A:
        Start            End              Type Open Ref GrpRef Name
        0000000000000000 0000000000000000 exe  1    0   0      A
        0000000041a85000 0000000041ee5000 rlib 0    1   0      /usr/local/lib/libsqlite3.so.9.0
        0000000049b04000 0000000049f1d000 rlib 0    1   0      /usr/lib/libm.so.2.3
        0000000042213000 000000004264f000 rlib 0    1   0      /usr/local/lib/libgmp.so.7.0
        0000000047d0e000 00000000481e0000 rlib 0    1   0      /usr/lib/libc.so.42.0
        0000000047900000 0000000047900000 rtld 0    1   0      /usr/libexec/ld.so

Now, we can just pass some linker flags through to statically link this lot, 

    $ ghc A.hs --make -optl-static -no-recomp
    $ ldd A
    ldd: A: not a dynamic executable
    $ file A
    A: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, AMD64, version 1, for OpenBSD, statically linked, not stripped

You could also use the Haskell Web Server.

Caveats:

  • The -static flag in GHC 6.8.2 does not link the libraries in the correct order, resulting in a link failure (which you can hack around if you have to by shuffling -lpthread after -lrt in the gargantuan linker invocation). This problem should disappear with GHC 6.8.3.
  • Sometimes you will need to add extra-libraries fields to various libraries' .cabal files. This manifests as missing symbols. Note that many linkers are sensitive to the order of the -l arguments, so the order of libraries in this field matters.
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